429 pharmaceutical care Plan Refa’a AlAjmi

1. 429 pharmaceutical carePlanRefa’aAlAjmi

2. Goal of therpay A goal of therapy is the desired response or endpoint that you and your patient want to achieve from pharmacotherapy.

3. The key to a successful care plan is clear, measurable goals of therapy which include a parameter, desired value(s), and a timeframe for achieving them. 1. A care plan is developed for each of the patient's medical conditions being managed with pharmacotherapy. 2. A goal of therapy is the desired response or endpoint that you and your patient want to achieve from pharmacotherapy. 3. The key to a successful care plan is clear, measurable goals of therapy which include a parameter, desired value(s), and a timeframe for achieving them

4. 4. The care plan includes interventions to resolve the drug therapy problems, interventions to achieve goals of therapy, and any necessary interventions to prevent drug therapy problems. 5. Pharmacotherapy interventions include initiating new drug therapy, discontinuing drug therapy, or changing the product and/or dosage regimen.

5. 6. Additionalinterventions to achieve the goals of therapy can include patient education, medication compliance reminders/devices, referrals to other health care providers, or monitoring equipment to measure outcome parameters. 7. The last activity in the care plan is scheduling a follow-up evaluation with the patient to determine the outcomes of pharmacotherapy at a clinically appropriate time. 8. Documentation of the care plan establishes the relationships between the goals of therapy, and interventions designed to achieve the goals.

6. The Practitioner Identifies Goals of Therapy that Are Individualized to the Patient. Measurement Criteria 1. Goals of therapy are established for each indication for drug therapy. 2. Desired goals of therapy are described in terms of the observable or measurable clinical and/or laboratory parameters to be used to evaluate effectiveness and safety of drug therapy. 3. Goals of therapy are mutually negotiated with the patient and health care providers when appropriate. 4. Goals of therapy are realistic in relation to the patient's present and potential capabilities. 5. Goals of therapy include a timeframe for achievement.

7. The major questions you must consider to construct a successful care plan are: 1. What goals of therapy are you and your patient trying to achieve with pharmacotherapy? 2. What are you going to do, or how are you going to intervene, to resolve any drug therapy problems identified during the assessment? 3. What interventions (drug therapies, devices, patient education) are you going to provide to ensure that your patient achieves the desired goals of therapy? 4. When are you going to follow-up with your patient to determine the actual outcomes of drug therapies and other interventions?

8. The goals of drug therapy are to: 1. Cure a disease 2. Reduce or eliminate signs and/or symptoms 3. Slow or halt the progression of a disease 4. Prevent a disease 5. Normalize laboratory values 6. Assist in the diagnostic process

9. Goals of therapy have a specific structure and always include 1. clinical parameters (signs and symptoms) and/or laboratory values which are observable, measurable, and realistic; 2. a desired value or observable change in the parameter; 3. a specific timeframe in which the goal is to be met.

10. Develops a Care Plan that Includes Interventions to: Resolve Drug Therapy Problems, Achieve Goals of Therapy, and Prevent Drug Therapy Problems. Measurement Criteria 1. Each intervention is individualized to the patient's conditions, drug related needs, and drug therapy problems. 2. All appropriate therapeutic alternatives to resolve drug therapy problems are considered, and the best are selected. 3. The plan is developed in collaboration with the patient, his/her family and/or care-givers, and health care providers, when appropriate. 4. All interventions are documented. 5. The plan provides for continuity of care by including a schedule for continuous follow-up evaluation.

11. Follow-Up The Practitioner Develops a Schedule to Follow-Up and Evaluate the Effectiveness of Drug Therapies and Assess Any Adverse Events Experienced by the Patient. Measurement Criteria 1. The clinical and laboratory parameters to evaluate effectiveness are established, and a timeframe for collecting the relevant information is selected. 2. The clinical and laboratory parameters that reflect the safety of the patient's medications are selected, and a timeframe for collecting the relevant information is determined. 3. A schedule for the follow-up evaluation is established with the patient. 4. The plan for follow-up evaluation is documented.