Copy this down before we start class today…

1. Copy this down before we start class today… • Tuesday: Hwk: 22.2…body 1 • Wednesday: Hwk: 22.3…body 2 • Thursday: Hwk: 22.4…body 3 • Friday: Civil Rights Test…proof read…Kennedy Reading • Monday: Kennedy…any questions on DBQ • Tuesday: DBQ Due

2. Civil Rights Movement Begins Part I Time Line of Events

3. Civil Rights Movement

4. Origins of Civil Rights Movement • Close to 1 million Black soldiers helped the Allies win during WWII • Given new opportunities, better jobs, and more freedom • After war, Blacks still treated as 2nd class citizens

5. Origins of Civil Rights Movement • Holocaust in WWII viewed as evil (Crimes against humanity) • Cold War (Communist leaders pointed out flaws in America) • Influenced Americans to view themselves • Many Americans to view treatment towards Blacks as wrong

6. 1896 • The case involved Homer Plessy, a black man who defied the laws of the land and sat in the white section of a railroad car. Plessy was initially fined $25, but he contested the decision all the way to the Supreme Court. The high court upheld the state’s separate but equal doctrine.

7. Plessy vs. Ferguson allowed for Jim Crow laws to exist. This led to separate worlds for Blacks. Schools, restaurants, courthouses, bathrooms and even drinking fountains were also segregated. Although the 13th Amendment ban slavery, Blacks still lived in bonds.

8. President Truman issues an Executive Order integrating the armed forces. Many said this couldn’t be done….but during the Korean War (1951) blacks and whites fought alongside one another. 1948Desegregation of the Armed Forces

9. Imagine you are a seven year old and have to walk one mile to a bus stop by walking through a railroad switching station and then waiting for a school bus to go to a "black elementary school" or a school where only African American children went. This is what happened to Linda Brown, an African American third grader from Topeka, Kansas, even though there was a "white elementary school" only seven blocks away. A "white elementary school" was a school where only white students were able to attend.

10. 1954 - Brown vs. Board of Education For every $150.00 spent on white children at the "white schools" only $50.00 was spent on African American children at the "black schools." The parents of the African American children thought that their school was not treated as fairly because they were colored. They did not have the most current textbooks, not enough school supplies, and overcrowded classrooms. • 1954 Wins Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, landmark case that demolishes legal basis for segregation in America • Declared separate but equal unconstitutional Thurgood Marshall – lawyer, Supreme Court Justice

11. Emmet Till Murdered in Money, MS Body is almost unrecognizable Body exhumed June of 2005 in order to do an autopsy to identify murderers. 1955

15. 1955 - Rosa Parks Rosa Parks courage led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. MLK and others led a this protest of city buses that lasted 13 months. Later, the Supreme Court ruling banned segregation of the city's public transit vehicles went into effect.

16. Montgomery Bus Boycott

17. Civil Rights Movement Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr eventually became leader of the Civil Rights movement after successfully leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

18. Ghandi "Gandhi was inevitable. If humanity is to progress,Gandhi is inescapable.He lived, thought and acted,inspired by the vision of humanity evolving towarda world of peace and harmony.” Dr. King "Nonviolence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man."

19. Types of Protests Marches • Greensboro, North Carolina is where all the sit-ins began • Many others followed Sit In's

20. Facing Resistance Police use dogs to quell civil unrest in Birmingham, Ala., in May 1963. Birmingham's police commissioner "Bull" Connor also allowed fire hoses to be turned on young civil rights demonstrators. These measures set off a backlash of sentiment that rejuvenated the civil rights movement.

21. We cannot solve this problem with retaliatory violence," King tells the crowd calmly. "We must meet violence with nonviolence." Facing Resistance

22. Different Groups • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC): headed by MLK Jr. • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC): begins with college kids • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

23. Little Rock Arkansas An attempt was made to integrate Central High School with 9 black students. National Guard called in. Soldiers “protected” the black students. 1957

24. Little Rock 9

25. Crisis in Little Rock • Federal Govt. can make state’s follow rules • 9 students are to be admitted to school • Gov. protests and federal troops have to be sent in to make Arkansas follow the law • Troops remain there all year and escort students to class • Eisenhower did little to fight the battle further

26. Kennedy and Civil Rights • Kennedy is afraid of losing southern support • Freedom Riders head south • Sons of rich wealthy important people of the north • Kennedy sends help and brings more federal actions against the deep south

27. 1961 - Freedom Rides The first group of Freedom Riders, with the intent of integrating interstate buses, left Washington, D.C. by Greyhound bus in early May 1961.

28. 1962 James Meredith, center, was the first African American college student accepted by the University of Mississippi. His attendance provoked riots. Here he is escorted to class by U.S. marshals and troops. Oct. 2, 1962.

29. 1963 SNCC turns to violence led by H. Rap Brown and Stokely Carmichael March on Washington “I Have a Dream” Speech by King, Jr. Kennedy proposes a Civil Rights Bill prohibiting discrimination / LBJ passes it in 1964 and follows with a VRA in ‘65 Assassinations -Medgar Evers, NAACP -President John F. Kennedy

30. 1963-March on Washington The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. acknowledges the crowd at the Lincoln Memorial for his "I Have a Dream" speech during a march on Washington, D.C., on Aug. 28, 1963. About 250,000 people attended the march to urge support for impending civil-rights legislation.

31. March on Washington

32. Freedom Summer • Freedom Summer was a highly publicized campaign in the Deep South to register blacks to vote during the summer of 1964. • During the summer of 1964, thousands of civil rights activists, many of them white college students from the North, descended on Mississippi and other Southern states to try to end the long-time political disenfranchisement of African Americans in the region. • Three students (two white and one black) are killed by the KKK for this activity; the movie, “Mississippi Burning” commemorates this event.

33. 1964 Birmingham AL • King leads a march of 3,300 people in the most segregated city in America and is arrested (nicknamed “Bombingham”) • Writes “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” King justified civil disobedience by saying that without forceful action, true civil rights would never be achieved. Direct action is justified in the face of unjust laws.

34. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Important step in ensuring equal rights for minorities • Guaranteed equal access to public accommodations, such as hotels. • Disallowed unfair voter registration requirements • Challenged employers over discrimination in hiring and employment • Demanded that schools stop discrimination.

35. Watts Riot (Los Angeles)1965 • Riots by African - Americans lasted for six days, leaving 34 dead, over a thousand people injured, nearly 4,000 arrested, and hundreds of buildings destroyed • Cause? State and local areas reacted too slowly or blocked the enactment of the CRA ’64 • Conclusion: riots weren't the act of thugs, but rather symptomatic of much deeper problems: the high jobless rate in the inner city, poor housing, bad schools

36. Assassinations Malcolm X (1965) Martin Luther King, Jr. 1968 Robert Kennedy 1968

37. Civil Rights Movement Hosea Williams (left), Jesse Jackson, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Rev. Ralph David Abernathy on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis hotel, a day before King's assassination on April 3,1968.

38. Civil Rights Movement

39. Civil Rights Movement Black, white, young and old sang "We Shall Overcome" as they marched down Denny Way to the Seattle Center to honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who had been felled by an assassin's bullet. The crowd was estimated at 10,000. April 7, 1968.

40. Civil Rights Movement

41. DBQ • Document __#___ • Explanation: • How does it support / refute the philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr.? • How does it support / refute philosophy of Malcolm X? • What data / supporting evidence does it go with?

42. Group the documents • Visual Introduction – Document 1 • View of Integration – Documents 2 & 3 • Education – Documents 4 & 5 • Economic Tactics - Documents 6 &7 • Violence (pros & cons) – Documents 8 & 9

43. Thesis Statement: Whose philosophy made the most sense for America? • Martin Luther King Jr.’sorMalcolm X’s philosophy made the most sense for America due to 1)_______________, 2)______________ and 3)__________ .