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Encounter Customer Care

If you do not have a copy of the SWTRs handouts, a copy can be downloaded from the Encounter Collaborative meeting page: https://ei.e2c.com/enc/enc-pc.pmtg. Encounter Customer Care. General Technical Support at Encounter 800-290-5900, Option 1

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Encounter Customer Care

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  1. If you do not have a copy of the SWTRs handouts, a copy can be downloaded from the Encounter Collaborative meeting page:https://ei.e2c.com/enc/enc-pc.pmtg

  2. Encounter Customer Care General Technical Support at Encounter 800-290-5900, Option 1 Or press *0 on your telephone when dialed into your Express, Priority, or Broadcast Number to be transferred directly to Customer Care.

  3. How many people are attending at your location? • 1 Person • 2 - 4 People • 5 - 10 People • 10 - 20 People • More than 20 People

  4. New Evaluation Form – • Available on the web at: • http://yosemite.epa.gov/ogwdw/ogwdwsurvey.nsf/surveyhome?openform • Enter code: survey07 • Please email webcastinfo@cadmusgroup.com if you have questions

  5. Happy Sweet Sixteen!!!!!!!! June 29, 1989 June 29, 2005

  6. Surface Water Treatment Rules (SWTRs) U.S. EPA Webcast Training Session June 29, 2005 2:00-4:00pm EST

  7. SWTRs • SWTRs Training encompasses requirements of the following regulations: • Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) • Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) • Long Term Enhanced 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT1ESWTR) • Filter Backwash Recycling Rule (FBRR)

  8. SWTRs

  9. SWTRs Purpose • Purpose: To improve public health protection through the control of microbial contaminants, including requirements for removal and/or inactivation of: • Viruses • Giardia Lamblia • Cryptosporidium

  10. SWTRs Scope • Scope: • Applies to all public water systems using surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GWUDI), otherwise known as “Subpart H systems.” • Require all Subpart H systems to: • Disinfect • Filter • Individual filter monitoring & establishes CFE limits • Apply treatment technique requirements for control of microbials. • Exception – Systems meeting Filter Avoidance Criteria only need to disinfect

  11. Outline • History of Microbials • Overview of SWTR, IESWTR, and LT1ESWTR Requirements • Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking • Lessons Learned in the Process (City of Manassas, VA) • Other Requirements under the SWTR • Turbidity Requirements • Conventional and Direct Filtration Systems • Systems using Slow Sand, Diatomaceous Earth or Alternative Filtration • Unfiltered Systems • Case Studies • Additional Resources Overview

  12. The requirements that apply to each system depend on the system’s treatment process. Applicability to Systems • This presentation covers: • Conventional and Direct Filtration Systems • Slow Sand and Diatomaceous Earth or Alternative Filtration Systems • Unfiltered Systems Overview

  13. Ed Moriarty, U.S. EPA Maria Lopez, U.S. EPA Linda Hills, The Cadmus Group, Inc. Tom Grubbs, U.S. EPA Mike Finn, U.S. EPA Presenters Panelists Overview

  14. Disclaimer • The examples included in this presentation are intended for discussion purposes only.  Throughout this presentation, the terms “state” or “states” are used to refer to all types of primacy agencies including U.S. territories, Indian tribes, and EPA Regions. The statutory provisions and EPA regulations described in this document contain legally binding requirements. This presentation is not a regulation itself, nor does it change or substitute for those provisions and regulations. Thus, it does not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, states, or public water systems. This guidance does not confer legal rights or impose legal obligations upon any member of the public. While EPA has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the discussion in this presentation, the obligations of the regulated community are determined by statutes, regulations, or other legally binding requirements. In the event of a conflict between the discussion in this presentation and any statute or regulation, this presentation would not be controlling. Overview

  15. Regulated Pathogens: Viruses Giardia Cryptosporidium In excess amounts: Nausea Cramps Diarrhea Associated headaches More serious health effects for infants, elderly or other immune-compromised people Public Health & Regulated Pathogens Overview

  16. History of Microbials

  17. The Challenge of Microbial Organisms • What They Do Was Known Before What They Are • Hippocrates: Boil and Strain Water ~300BC • Chlorination to Prevent ‘Child Bed Fever’ - 1846 • John Snow Closes the Broad Street Well, London, 1854 - Terminates Cholera Epidemic • What They Do Was Known Before How To Detect Them In Drinking Water Overview

  18. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  19. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 1974 – Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  20. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  21. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 1976 – National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWR): Coliform and Turbidity IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  22. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  23. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 1986 – Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments (SDWA Amendments) SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  24. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  25. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 1989 – Total Coliform Rule (TCR); Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  26. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  27. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 1996 – Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments (SDWA Amendments) SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  28. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  29. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 1998 – Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR); Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (S1DBPR) FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  30. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  31. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 2001 – Filter Backwash Recycling Rule (FBRR) SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  32. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  33. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 2002 – Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT1ESWTR) SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  34. History of M-DBP Regulations 200? – Future Rules: Revised TCR 2005 – Proposed S2DBPR, LT2ESWTR, GWR LT1ESTWR – 2002 FBRR – 2001 IESWTR and S1DBPR – 1998 SDWA Amendments – 1996 WI Crypto Outbreak – 1993 TCR and SWTR – 1989 MO E. Coli Outbreak – 1989 GA Crypto Outbreak – 1987 SDWA Amendments – 1986 MA Giardia Outbreak – 1985 THM – 1979 NPIDWRs – 1976 SDWA – 1974 Overview

  35. National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWR) • Effective from 1975 to 1986 SDWA Amendments • Total Coliform Monitoring and MCL Based on USPHS Drinking Water Regulations of 1962 • Turbidity MCL for Surface Water • Recognized Underreporting of Outbreaks Overview

  36. 1996 SDWA Amendments • No Significant Changes to the Total Coliform Rule • Required Promulgation of Microbial/Disinfection Byproduct Regulations • IESWTR, LT1ESWTR, FBRR, LT2ESWTR • Stage 1 and 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rules Overview

  37. 6-Year Review Cycle • SDWA Requires Review of Existing Regulations • The Total Coliform Rule is Under Review • Schedule to Be Determined Overview

  38. Types of Filtration: • Conventional Filtration • Direct Filtration • Slow Sand Filtration • Diatomaceous Earth Filtration • Alternative Filtration Technologies Overview

  39. Requirements for Filtered Systems • Removal/Inactivation Requirements for Certain Pathogens • Residual Disinfectant Requirements • Turbidity Treatment Techniques • Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking • Sanitary Surveys • Covered Finished Reservoirs/Water Storage Facilities • Operator Certification Overview

  40. Requirements for Unfiltered Systems • Inactivation Requirements for Certain Pathogens • Residual Disinfectant Requirements • Filtration Avoidance Criteria • Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking • Sanitary Surveys • Covered Finished Reservoirs/Water Storage Facilities • Operator Certification Overview

  41. Q & A Questions Please send your questions & comments via the web console located on your bottom right.

  42. Overview of SWTR, IESWTR, and LT1ESWTR Requirements Conventional and Direct Filtration Systems Systems using Slow Sand, Diatomaceous Earth or Alternative Filtration Unfiltered Systems

  43. General Requirements • All Subpart H systems must comply with the following requirements: • Removal/inactivation requirements for viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium • Residual disinfectant monitoring • Disinfection profiling and benchmarking • Sanitary surveys • Covered finished reservoirs/water storage facilities • Qualified operators Slow Sand, Diatomaceous or Alternative Filtration Conventional and Direct Filtration Unfiltered Systems

  44. Regulated Pathogens (Removal/Inactivation Requirements) • All subpart H systems must comply with the removal/inactivation requirements established for regulated pathogens. The removal/inactivation requirements are as follows:        Slow Sand, Diatomaceous or Alternative Filtration Conventional and Direct Filtration Unfiltered Systems

  45. Regulated Pathogens (Removal/Inactivation Requirements) • All subpart H systems must comply with the removal/inactivation requirements established for regulated pathogens. The removal/inactivation requirements are as follows:        Slow Sand, Diatomaceous or Alternative Filtration Conventional and Direct Filtration Unfiltered Systems

  46. Regulated Pathogens (Removal/Inactivation Requirements) • All subpart H systems must comply with the removal/inactivation requirements established for regulated pathogens. The removal/inactivation requirements are as follows:        Slow Sand, Diatomaceous or Alternative Filtration Conventional and Direct Filtration Unfiltered Systems

  47. Residual Disinfectant Monitoring Requirements 1 Residual monitored continuously. A state may allow systems serving 3,300 or fewer persons to take grab samples from 1-4 times per day, depending on system size. Slow Sand, Diatomaceous or Alternative Filtration Conventional and Direct Filtration Unfiltered Systems

  48. Residual Disinfectant Reporting Requirements Report to state due within 10 days of the end of the following month. Remember to include: When state was notified of events where residual disinfectant was <0.2 mg/L Lowest daily value for each day A calculation of the percent of distribution residual samples that were undetectable The date and duration when residual disinfectant was <0.2 mg/L Slow Sand, Diatomaceous or Alternative Filtration Conventional and Direct Filtration Unfiltered Systems

  49. Additional Disinfectant Monitoring Requirements Unfiltered Systems

  50. Additional Disinfectant Reporting Requirements Report to state due within 10 days of the end of the following month. Remember to include: As soon as possible, but no later than the end of the next business day. Remember to include: Daily residual disinfectant concentration(s) and disinfectant contact time(s) used for calculating the CT value(s). Instances where the residual disinfectant level entering the distribution system was < 0.2 mg/L Unfiltered Systems

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