Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 9e

1. Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 9e Section VII: Avoiding Destructive Behaviors

2. Concept 18 The Use & Abuse of Tobacco Tobacco use is the number one cause of preventable disease and is associated with the leading causes of death in our culture.

3. Online Learning Center Presentation Overview • Tobacco and Nicotine • Health and Economic Costs • Facts about Tobacco Usage • Techniques for Quitting Discussion Activity

4. Chemistry of Cigarette Smoke Gaseous Phase (CO) - carbon monoxide released - shortness of breath - neonatal problems Particulate Phase • - nicotine (psychoactive drug - increases CHD risks) Photo: Creative Commons Flickr - tar (increases cancer risks) Tobacco and its smoke contain over 400 noxious chemicals, including 200 known poisons and 50 carcinogens.

5. Nicotine • Addictive component of tobacco • More addictive than heroin and alcohol • When inhaled, reaches brain in 7 seconds • Withdrawal effect • Physical dependence Photo: Creative Commons Flickr

6. Smokeless Chewing Tobacco • Variety of forms • Loose leaf • Twist • Plug • Dip, chew, or chaw stays in the mouth for several hours • Contains 7x more nicotine than cigarettes

7. Health Effects of Smoking • Most preventable cause of death in our society Photo: Creative Commons Flickr

8. Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking • Tobacco use affects all organs of the body, reducing the health of smokers • Quitting smoking has immediate and long-term benefits • Smoking cigarettes low in tar and nicotine provides no clear benefit to health • # of diseases resulting from tobacco is much more extensive than previously thought

9. Health Effects of Smoking • Increased risk of: • Cancer • Coronary heart disease • Atherosclerosis • Blood pressure • Stroke • Ulcers • Emphysema • Bronchitis Adds 9 years for those who quit at age 40 + 6 years (age 50) + 3 years (age 60)

10. Economic Costs of Smoking • $167 billion in annual health-related economic losses • $75 billion in direct medical costs • $81 billion in lost production • Millions in neonatal care • Individual financial costs • Increased taxes on tobacco products • If smoke 1 pack/day for 10 yrs  ~$18,000

11. Health Risks from Tobacco • The more you use the product (more doses), the greater the health risk • Several factors determine the dosage • # of cigarettes smoked • Length of time one has been smoking • Strength (amount of tar, nicotine, etc.) • Depth of inhalation • Amount of exposure to other lung-damaging substances (e.g., asbestos)

12. Do you know what a “chipper” is? social smoker Photo: Creative Commons Flickr

13. Cigar & Pipe Smokers • Lower death rates, but still great risk • Contains same harmful ingredients as cigarette smoke, sometimes in higher amounts • Nicotine dependence • Higher risks forcancer of the mouth,throat, and larynx Photo: Creative Commons Flickr

14. Second-Hand Smoke • Mainstream smoke • Smoke that is inhaled and exhaled • Sidestream smoke • Unfiltered smoke from burning tip of cigarette • Contains nicotine and 20-100x carcinogens as mainstream smoke

15. Dangers of Second-Hand Smoke • Increased risk of: • Early death • Heart disease • Lung Cancer • Emphysema • Depression • Women/children are especially susceptible to negative effects • “Thirdhand” smoke

16. Trends in Adult Smoking Rates • 1950s: ~ 50% of population smoked • 1990s: ~ 25% • 2007: ~ 20% • 2009: ~ 20.8%(based on National Health Interview Survey)

17. Global Public Health Threat Higher smoking prevalence in Europe and China Photo: Creative Commons Flickr

18. Why Young People Start Using Tobacco • Peer influence • Social acceptance • Desire to be “mature” • Desire to be “independent” • Desire to be like their role models • Appealing advertisements (media)

19. Factors Contributing to the Declines in Smoking • Public policy • Media campaigns • Changing social norms

20. Facts about Quitting Smoking • 30% of smokers try to quit each year • 10% of the people who try to quit smoking are successful • Increasing the price of cigarettes is the most successful method of reducing smoking in youth • Some women begin smoking to control their weight – unable to quit due to fear of weight gain • Addictive nature of nicotine makes it difficult to quit using tobacco

21. Smoking is associated with increased risk for the use of both alcohol and illicit drugs. Photo: Creative Commons Flickr

22. Lab 18a information Techniques to Quit Smoking • Stopping "cold turkey" • Gradually decreasing number • Using low nicotine cigarettes/nicotine gum • Counseling / hypnosis • Develop effective stress-management techniques • Remove reminders and temptations • Use substitutes and distractions

23. Summary • Tobacco is the #1 cause of preventable mortality • Nicotine is the addictive component • Second-hand smoke poses a significant health risk • Public policy to reduce smoking • Various techniques to quit smoking End of presentation

24. Online Learning Center Supplemental Information Lab Information Discussion Activity

25. Lab 18a InformationUse and Abuse of Tobacco Return to presentation • Complete the tobacco use/exposure questionnaire (note: includes second-hand smoke) • Discuss your personal risk rating • Discuss how you feel about public laws designed to curtail tobacco use

26. Return to presentation Discussion Activity Why do people smoke even though they know it is not good for their health?