DISASTER PLANNING: BY dESIGN

1. DISASTER PLANNING: BY dESIGN

2. DISASTER PLANNING: BY dESIGN PRESENTATION DISCLAIMERS: There are NO silver bullets; It is NOT rocket science; Applies to new construction, renovations, and on-going operations I am just an architect !!!

3. DISASTER PLANNING: BY dESIGN Learning objectives: Good design can greatly reduce man-made disasters; Identifying and eliminating “Single-points-of-failure” is critical to disaster planning; Operations and maintenance play key roles in preventing man-made disasters

4. What we think of as Disasters!!

5. History does Repeat Itself!!!

7. Why is the basement so popular? Out of site; out of mind Perceived safety No windows; least desirable location Lower costs

9. DISASTER “any natural or manmade incident, including terrorism, which results in extraordinary levels of mass casualties (humans and/or animals), damage or disruption, severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy, national morale and/or government functions.” FEMA

10. Natural disasters make big headlines; • but, what are the more likely EVENTS: • Facility failures • Operational failures • Personnel failures

11. BROKEN PIPES MOLD DAMAGE FAILED INFRASTRUCTURE BROKEN PIPES Regularly Occuring Disasters FAILED HVAC SYSTEMS

12. Every system WILL fail, count on it! Plan, design, engineer, educate and train to eliminate or provide redundancy for every criticalsystem. Eliminate, or plan for, every possible “single point of failure”. “Single Point of Failure”

13. Identify all Critical systems: • Life safety • Animal health & safety • Research integrity “Single Point of Failure”

14. Identify all Critical systems: • Site • Building • MEP Systems • Operations • Personnel

15. Site selection: • Flood plain, earthquake zone: Know what you are getting into, and plan accordingly; • Utility services: Redundant electrical service; reliable, campus provided utilities; waste & trash services • Security: Limit public access; supports controlled entries; access to public safety; coordinate with ALL first responders; • Access: good service access; safe for staff and users; eliminate potential blockages; • Expansion capabilities: design to support strategic plans, plan for the future needs. “Single Point of Failure”

16. Facility planning: • Plan to minimize cross-contamination and disease spreading, thru circulation patterns and clean/dirty separation; • Use flow diagrams of all critical operations to identify single points of failure. “Single Point of Failure”

17. Facility planning: • Adaptable plans for animal holding rooms & procedure rooms; eliminate one of a kind critical spaces; • Create directional air-flow map for all critical spaces; provide for adaptability; • Caging systems are often first line of defense; selection is critical and should be done early in the process; • Plan for maintenance, or it won’t happen. Allow for periodic (PLANNED) shut-downs. “Single Point of Failure”

18. Levels of Protection The Cage: IVC vs Static The animal holding room: Controlled air pressure The suite: Floor isolation

19. “Single Point of Failure” • Identify all Critical systems: • MEP Systems: • To be discussed in separate presentation, but pay attention, it is really important!!!

20. “Single Point of Failure” • OPERATIONS • Equipment: Careful selection is required • Cage/rack washer: most flexible • Tunnel washer: high thru-put

21. “Single Point of Failure” • OPERATIONS • Equipment: • Autoclave: High maintenance • Auto-water system: Bottles, pouches, (is potable OK) • Bedding supply & disposal: Options • Surgery/procedure: Emergency

22. “Single Point of Failure” • OPERATIONS • Equipment: • Need redundancy • Buy quality • Minimize complexities • Spare parts (long lead items, critical components) • Perform maintenance (service agreements) • Cross-train staff

23. LOBBY/MAIN ENTRY STAFF MAIN LOCKERS PRIMATE LOCKERS PHARMACY CONVENTIONAL LOADING DOCK RABBIT HOLDING REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LABORATORIES PRIMATE HOLDING RODENT HOLDING CANINE HOLDING PRIMATE CAGEWASH CONVENTIONAL CAGE WASH MECHANICAL

24. Levels of Protection Clean and dirty separation Animal and personnel separation Suite design

25. LARGE RODENT FACILITY • Design Strategies: • Suite design • Redundant cage processing equipment • Secured location • Emergency power “Single Point of Failure”

26. “Single Point of Failure” SURGICAL SUITE • Design Strategies: • Suite design (2 room design) • Redundant surgical equipment • Secured location • Emergency power • Cross-trained staff

27. “Single Point of Failure” LARGE RODENT BARRIER FACILITY • Design Strategies: • Suite design • Dedicated procedure rooms • Elevated above flood plain • Emergency power • Clean/dirty corridors • Dedicated elevator system

28. “Single Point of Failure” LARGE RODENT BARRIER FACILITY • Design Strategies: • Dedicated procedure rooms (2 per AHR) • Supports PI and animal care staff simultaneously • 3 Biological safety cabinets/2 Cage Change Stations

29. “Single Point of Failure” • Design Strategies: • Adaptable room design; supports multiple species; • Positive or negative air flow; • Individual cage environment • Emergency powered equipment • Maintained spare parts

30. “Single Point of Failure” SECURITY SYSTEMS SECURITY: Its all about your RISKS Access Control CCTV Recognition/Bio-Metrics Intruder Detection Systems Protection Fire Alarm Systems Blast Resistant Construction

31. “YOU GET WHAT YOU PAY FOR” Know what systems should costs, so you can compare YOUR project and understand the financial priorities; Value engineering is usually neither, be careful.

32. “Single Point of Failure” DEFERRED MAINTENANCE

33. “YOU GET WHAT YOU PAY FOR” Vivarium maintenance costs: $400 to $600 per square foot to construct: 1% to 2% annual maintenance costs: $4 to $12 per square foot per year Securing O & M funds is crucial; Simplify when possible; Establish and follow priorities, it is easy to get off track.

34. “Single Point of Failure” • People and Operations: • Cross train staff; all jobs are critical • Train other staff to cover in an emergency • Train animal care staff in basic building systems management • Take time with new hires; triple check references • Plan for disease management/isolation/treatment • Enforce discipline

35. “Single Point of Failure” • Why are we having these issues NOW! • Aging infrastructure • Reduced O & M budgets • Reduced research funding at all levels • Shifting priorities

36. “YOU GET WHAT YOU PAY FOR” O & M COST MANAGEMENT: Document your costs; Support negotiating for higher ICR rate for animal research; Take charge, Institutional support is waning.

37. A New Challenge: OR THE NEXT GREAT DISASTER • NhRP: “legal personhood” of research animals

38. OUR FUTURE? • Replace animals with technology Toxicology robot

39. SO WHAT’S IT REALLY TAKE? A PLAN; APPLIED WITH: COMMON SENSE HARD WORK AND A BIT OF LUCK

40. DISASTER PLANNING: BY dESIGN IT’S WHAT I DO “His calling is as old as time. It is, will be and was. Through blizzards, bogs and bob wire fence He stands against the pestilence And though he feigns indifference, he’s proud of what he does.” Baxter Black: Cowboy DVM

41. DISCUSSION