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Chapter 5: Open-Ended Questions

Chapter 5: Open-Ended Questions. 1. Why were many Africans able to win independence after WWII?. Atlantic Charter: post war support: “the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live” – US and Britain Supported by UN

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Chapter 5: Open-Ended Questions

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  1. Chapter 5: Open-Ended Questions

  2. 1. Why were many Africans able to win independence after WWII? Atlantic Charter: post war support: “the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live” – US and Britain Supported by UN Negritude Movement: pride in African culture – new dignity and self-respect Rise of Nationalist Leaders and working class support

  3. 1. Why were many Africans able to win independence after WWII? European powers were weakened after the war. Lack of money to run colonies The Cold War helped nationalists and condemned imperialism – US and Soviet Union

  4. 1. Identify ways in which African nations have tried to meet the challenges identified below. • Challenge: Lack of political stability • Challenge: Developing a modern economy

  5. Lack of political stability • military leaders/rule • one-party rule • Parliamentary Democracy • autocratic • trying to build national unity through education – Pan-Africanism • today democratization • Democracy by consensus possibly

  6. Developing a modern economy: • socialism to ensure equality and development (government controls the economy to meet basic needs) • Develop industry and agriculture - diversity • today mixed economy (government control and Some privatization • government focus on cash crops to build factories and produce goods for African use

  7. 2. African nations have experienced rapid cultural change in recent years. • Give EXAMPLES how the following have contributed to cultural change: • a) urbanization • b) education • c) economic development • d) population explosion • e) westernization ALL CAUSES OF CULTURAL CHANGE

  8. Urbanization • weaken traditional cultures/family (nuclear family) • bond of lineage/kinship weakened, less attached to ancestor land • less arranged marriages for urban educated • created new elite (top jobs, wealth, education) • spurred westernization • greater freedoms/choices • new activities (sports, malls, clubs) • women’s rights/workforce

  9. Education: • increased literacy • gave people new job skills – build a diverse economy • Increased wages • encouraged national unity • women’s rights • right to own and inherit property • bride prices (wealth) outlawed • Women have taken jobs as clerks, sales people, bankers, service industry and high-level government workers • More choices • Study abroad = brain drain

  10. Economic development: • changed way some people earn a living • created new kinds of jobs - retail, social services, hospitality, government, manufacturing, infrastructure jobs • Urbanization • Women in the work force • New ways for traditional work: • new farming methods, refrigeration, motorized boats (fishing), factories, mining, meat packing (get herders to sell more cattle)

  11. Population explosion: • family planning programs • changing ideas about family size • Urban less children • contributed to urbanization = leave rural areas lack of opportunity • Contributed to strains on the government programs (health, education) • Large percent of people under 25 years old • disease

  12. Westernization: • brought • new technology • new goods • new goals to people in traditional African cultures • new values = wealth, education, choice • glorifies the individual and material goods not group loyalty –weakened traditions • Independent Churches: blend Christian and indigenous African beliefs • Islamic revival as response in some regions • women’s choice/education/rights

  13. To Study Chapter 5 • Section 1: African Nationalism and New Nations, Pan-Africanism, Colonial Legacy • Activity: Nationalism and Independence (handout) • Section 2: Types of governments: parliamentary system, one-party rule, military rule, socialism, mixed economies, political and economic challenges, meeting challenges • Activity: African Steps Towards Development; A Case Study: Nigeria and Zimbabwe • Section 3: Cultural change: family, women, rural patterns, effects of urbanization, education, economic development, population explosion, westernization • Activity: Cooperative Learning – African Changing Patterns of Life

  14. Pan-Africanism Negritude Movement Atlantic Charter Organization of African Unity (AU) Mau Mau autocratic democratization Parliamentary system socialism Julius Nyerere Joseph Mobutu Patrice Lumumba Kwame Nkrumah Jomo Kenyatta Robert Mugabe Vocab

  15. A political challenge facing most Africans after independence was • Building national unity • Tribalism (strong tribal ties) • Economic differences • Conflict • Debt

  16. In Africa, major result of World War II was • Increased nationalism • 1950’s and 1960’s: achievement of political independence

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