1 / 51

World War I

World War I. SOL WHII.9. Tensions for WWI. Traced back to age of unification and imperialism 5 major factors that caused WWI. 5 Major Factors That Caused WWI. 1. Nationalism. 2. Imperialism. 3. Militarism. 4. Alliances. 5. Powder Keg. Nationalism

hetal
Download Presentation

World War I

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. World War I SOL WHII.9

  2. Tensions for WWI • Traced back to age of unification and imperialism • 5 major factors that caused WWI

  3. 5 Major Factors That Caused WWI 1. Nationalism 2. Imperialism 3. Militarism 4. Alliances 5. Powder Keg

  4. Nationalism Tension between Germany and France over the territory of Alsace-Lorraine, which had been taken away from France after their loss in the Franco-Prussian War Loyalty to one’s nation; desire for unity

  5. Mobilization and build up of army and navy due to industrialization Germany rivaled Britain Glorified war—countries not afraid to prepare for war Militarism

  6. Competition Countries did not forget the resentment over lost colonies Imperialism

  7. Triple Alliance-Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente-Russia, France, Great Britain (would give Germany a war on two fronts) --Russia needed a loan and France needed an ally in the early 1900’s Alliances

  8. Reinsurance Treaty: provided for neutrality in case either Russia or Germany became involved in a defensive war. Treaty dissolved after William II forced Bismarck out Alliances

  9. THE BALKANS; Serbia wanted to create a united Slavic state on the Balkan Peninsula Would include the provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina, but Austria controlled them Russia supported Pan Slavism—union of Slavic states Powder Keg

  10. The Last Straw!!! The spark that was needed to start a war Became a world war due to the Alliance System Assassination of the Archduke

  11. Gavrilo Princip Black Hand Member of the Black Hand (assassinated the Archduke) A Serbian terrorist group which means Union of Death Assassination of the Archduke

  12. Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum—with 48 hours to comply. • Serbia accomplished all but 2 demands • Austria declared war on Serbia July 28, 1914 • Because of alliances, WWI was under way!

  13. Belgium declared neutrality in 1839. • Would not help any belligerents—or warring nations—as long as no one attacked them

  14. Belgium’s geography is flat, so Germany asked Belgium if they could walk through to France—Belgian King said “NO” • Germany did it anyway—destroyed much of Belgium • Great Britain declared war on Germany on behalf of neutral Belgium.

  15. Japan entered entente Italy switched sides to the Triple Entente in May 1915 November 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered the Alliance to block Russia and the Black Sea Oct. 1915, Bulgaria entered on the Alliance Alliances Soon Expand!!

  16. Everyone thought it would be quick Alliances change to Central Powers, because they had created a central block in Europe. Advantages that the Central Powers had: Easy communication Rapid troop movement Well-organized, equipped army Central Powers

  17. AKA Triple Entente—Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia…made up strongest, but there were a total of 32 powers!!! Allied Powers advantages: More soldiers Greater industrial potential Control of the seas, which gave them more food, supplies, and they could blockade easier Allied Powers

  18. Due to the IR and mass production the weapons needed for WWI could easily be manufactured!!! Most important innovation: machine gun Trench Warfare Tank Airplanes U-boats Poison Gas Innovations

  19. What made this war different? • Innovations • Drafted Soldiers—not professional soldiers • WWI was a total war—everyone was involved from the government, soldiers, to women and children at home. • Propaganda—used to stir patriotism and it was effective in motivating the U.S. into war • WWI known as the "Great War”

  20. Propaganda Posters

  21. Trench Warfare

  22. WAR!!!! • Germans—planned to get rid of a war on two fronts • General—Von Schlieffen—”Swinging Hammer” • Take out western front 1st—biggest threat—made it to France, French saved Paris; Stalemate • Next take out eastern front—Russians advanced-Germans pushed back; Allies try to take Constantinople, but fail

  23. British try a blockade of the North Sea, but Germans responded with the U-boat. Submarine warfare hurt the allies

  24. 5 Events for U.S. Entry • 1. Lusitania = ended neutrality • 2. British Propaganda = sympathy • 3. Zimmerman Telegram = anger • 4. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare = threatening behavior • 5. Russian Revolution = confidence

  25. U.S. Declares War!! • Woodrow Wilson went to Congress on April 2, 1917, and asked for a declaration of war against Germany. • April 6th he got it

  26. Zimmerman Telegram

  27. Russia was facing problems at the home front Revolution of 1905—did not cause any changes—people still unhappy Many joined secret societies to act against the gov’t Nicholas II taking all blame—would be the last absolute monarch in Europe Problems in Russia

  28. Problems in Russia cont… • Spring 1917, strikes broke out in St. Petersburg and Petrograd • Nicholas II ordered troops to put the strikes and riots down—troops ended up joining in • March 15, 1917, Nicholas II abdicated throne • He and his entire family executed • Romanov dynasty had come to an end

  29. Until a gov’t could be established, a temporary gov’t established Nicholas II Soviet Mensheviks –whites (moderate socialists) Bolsheviks--reds (radicals-communists) Russia has no gov’t!!

  30. Leader—Lenin Advocated Marxism (communism) Nov. 1917, overthrew temp. gov’t—known as Bolshevik Revolution 1918, became known as the Communist Party Communists signed peace treaties with all Central Powers in 1918—to focus on internal problems Lost a lot of land! With Russia out of the war—U.S. help is crucial!! Bolsheviks

  31. 14 Points!! • After Russia withdrew for war many people question the motives for war. • Woodrow Wilson continued his plea of making world safe for democracy. • Wilson announces his Fourteen Points to Congress in Jan. 1918 • Plan to preserve peace and democracy around the world

  32. 14 Points cont… • Mostly peace-keeping plans • 14th point called for the creation of a general association of nations to keep world peace

  33. Final Defeat of Central Powers • Final defeat came w/the help of U.S. • Bulgaria—defeated Sept. 1918 • Austria-Hungary—breakup of the Dual Monarchy and both form separate peace agreements • Germany—most Germans wanted peace. Nov. 9, 1918, Kaiser William II abdicated and German Republic proclaimed

  34. Final Defeat of the Central Powers • Nov. 11, 1918 (11th hour, of the 11th month, on the 11th day) armistice was signed. (NOW VETERAN’S DAY) • Armistice severe and were created to keep Germany from fighting again.

  35. Great War Devastation • Costs of the War—One of the reasons for the name: Great War • Total: 10 million dead; 20 million wounded • Russia suffered most—2 million • Germany very close behind • France lost 1.5 million • U.S. lost 115,000 • An estimated total cost for the war is 400 billion dollars

  36. Peace Conference • Big Four: • David Lloyd George—Prime Minister of England • Georges Clemenceau—Premier of France • Woodrow Wilson—President of the U.S. • Vittorio Orlando—Premier of Italy

  37. Peace Conference(Foreshadow of WWII) • Big Four quarreled over territorial claims • France had the biggest demands • Italy had a few requests, but Big Four would not give Italy what they wanted, they left • Everyone wanted pieces of Germany

  38. Peace Conference(Foreshadow of WWII) • Japan wanted permanent control over the islands they controlled during the war, as well as, a major influence in China. • A fight broke out and Japan almost left

  39. Peace Conference(Foreshadow of WWII) • Real destruction—Germany forced to pay reparations • Germany punished most severely • 14 Points suggested a “Peace of Justice” • All the territorial claims “Peace of Vengeance” • Most of the allies wanted to teach the Central Powers a lesson • U.S. did not understand—they had only been involved for a year.

  40. Treaty of Versailles • Germany • Had to admit guilt and pay reparations, but the allies did not specify how much, but the Germans had no choice (blank check) • Pay $5 billion within 2 years and an unspecified amount later • 1921, they ordered another $28 billion • Lose Rhineland and Saar Valley for 15 years

  41. Treaty of Versailles • Germany forced to downsize military • Could not manufacture artillery • Austria-Hungary dealt with separately. Both countries lost territory, but new territories were created. • Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were created • Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire lost territories—new nations created: Iraq, Palistine, Trans-Jordan, Syria—governed by an allied power or League of Nations

  42. Problems after the War • Russia, an allied power, lost territory. • Poland got larger and Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were all created. • This will make Russia very mad (WWII) • Colonies’ participation in the war, increased their demands for independence

  43. League of Nations • League (according to Wilson) had two goals: • International cooperation • Settle disputes peacefully and reduce world armaments

  44. League of Nations • Would include all independent, sovereign nations • 3 agencies made up the League and would work w/the World Court in Hague. • Secretariat: conduct League business • Assembly: 1 vote for each member—lower house • Council: 9 member nations (later 15) 5 would be permanent (Br., Fr., It., Jp., U.S.)

  45. Mandates • League would watch over areas not ready for independence and they would be assigned a governing power • Mandate: area assigned an advanced nation to administer their government • Lebanon and Syria—French Mandates • Palestine and Trans-Jordan—British mandates

  46. Mandates • The division of the Ottoman Empire through the Mandate System planted the seeds for future conflicts in the Middle East

More Related