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Topic 8

Topic 8. LEADING AND MOTIVATION. Leadership Matters, Character Matters. Influence others toward goal and achievement of those goals Process where an individual influences others to do what s/he wants them to do

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Topic 8

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  1. Topic 8 LEADING AND MOTIVATION

  2. Leadership Matters, Character Matters Influence others toward goal and achievement of those goals Process where an individual influences others to do what s/he wants them to do “A leader is a person who has the ability to get other people to do what they don’t want to do and like it” - Harry Truman

  3. Leading is a function held and carried out by leaders and leading is a key to effective communication • Why do people follow? • Why do people lead? • Why are some people successful and why are some unsuccessful? • Psychological contract (Schein, 1970) and have expectations of things in return • Influenced by how view authority and past experiences

  4. Leadership is broader than managerial functions • Managing and leading • Manager and leader • Management and leadership

  5. Management and Leadership • Two distinctive and complementary systems • Ideal world, they’re balanced, and integrated • One person is both • Good leader is made not born • A good leader needs to manage, but not always the case, sometimes more necessary than others

  6. Corporate Environment • Roles – a set of tasks and responsibilities that have a powerful effect on human behavour • Relationship – within the whole organization i.e. culture and climate

  7. Leadership Models There are four (4) Framework Approach (Bolman, Lee and Deal (1991) : • Structural Framework – as social architect i.e. to conduct analyst and create design on matters such as structure, strategy, environment, implementation, experimentation and adaptation. • Human Resource Framework - as a catalyst and servant i.e. to support, advocate and allow empowerment. Believe in people and communicate with them.

  8. Leadership Models There are four (4) Framework Approach (Bolman, Lee and Deal (1991) : • Political Framework – is in support of coalition / work together or team building. Clarify what they expect and what to receive and assess distribution of power and build support from others like stakeholders • Symbolic Framework - as an inspiration to others in the organization like a mirror and organization like a theater. They try to impress and communicate vision.

  9. Leadership Models In Islamic management, leadership is based in the doctrine of Tawheedand the best example in the Prophet Muhammad SAW / PBUH. A successful Muslim leader must among others to have: • Challenge the process - to improve • Inspire a shared vision – a vision that everybody is understood

  10. Leadership Models • Enable others to act – empowerment and with proper guidance • Model the direction – involve in good and bad times in any task that needs to be carried out • Encourage the heart – share the victories and glorified the good experiences by the organization together with the followers but keep the pain in one heart.

  11. Four types of leaders • Authoritarian leader – task oriented and expected people to carry out work as instructed and focus on faults rather on results. Difficult to get along with subordinates. • Team leader – leads by positive example and involves as a team. Encourage to achieve goals together. This leader lead the most productive team

  12. Four types of leaders • Country club leader – applies power to maintain discipline and to encourage a team to achieve goals. • Hopeless leader – applies delegation and disappear management. Not committed seriously to achieve goals. Allow team members to carry out as they wish and prefer. Suffer power struggle.

  13. Motivation

  14. What is motivation? Why motivation? Importance of motivation Better motivation How to be motivated?

  15. What is Motivation An inferred process within an animal or an individual that causes that organism to move towards a goal or an inner forces of an individual that stimulate enthusiasm and perseverance to achieve a certain goals. Motivation in Latin means “movere” which means to move

  16. Motivational cycle Need, Drive Relief Instrumental Goal

  17. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Self -Actualization Esteem needs Belongingness & love needs Safety needs Physiological needs:

  18. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Abraham Maslow • He found teams made better workers and better workers made better teams • Creativity flowed from ambiguity • Knowledge breads knowledge • Used term “Synergy” to describe self-reinforcing process and wrote: • “The more influence and power you give to someone else in the team situation, the more you have for yourself” • “Business was not a “chain of links or a chain of cause and effect, but rather a web in which every part is related to every other part” • Urged pursuit of “continued improvement”

  19. Physiological needs Hunger, thirst etc.,Safety needs To feel secure & safe, out of dangerBelongingness & love needs Affiliate with others, be accepted & belongEsteem needs To achieve, be component, gain approval and belongSelf-actualization needs Self fulfillment & realize one’s potential

  20. Motivation Theories • Part of leadership process by which someone gets another to do what s/he wants to do • For this it helps to know what motivates people • Motivation – understanding the construct is closely linked to leadership • Motivation is traced back to the 1930s (Murray) • Simple terms – has to do with one’s willingness to do something • Relates to need satisfaction and behavior is goal oriented.

  21. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • People are motivated on the basis of five classes of needs ordered in hierarchy of power or force • Once lower order needs are satisfied externally, other levels become more important and then motivate and dominant behavior • Higher order are satisfied internally

  22. Self actualized characteristics Perceive reality accurately Tolerate uncertainty Accept oneself without guilt or anxiety Solve problems effectively Possess a strong social awareness Develop meaningful interpersonal relationships Relatively independent of environment & culture

  23. Self motivation Do it now Break up the task into small steps Don’t wait for mood or inspiration Start action Solutions will follow if you try

  24. Motivational strategies Find new skills Develop & train them Get feedback on their performance Expand their ability to work Rotate their work

  25. Motivational techniques Leads them Real examples are quicker than advice Way to influencing people Appeal to benefits Can motivate Mutual benefits to both of you Appeal to emotions People act quickly to emotions Positive manner Sustained by repeated inputs

  26. Motivational techniques Appeal to needs & wants basic needs satisfaction Creative expression, recognition & challenges & love Appeal to expertise Abilities enhance his self-worth Put best effort to seek approval

  27. Motivation – Islamic View It views motivation from the knowledge of the revealed sources i.e. Al-Quran and Al-Hadith i.e. Tawheed and Akhirat Motivation through religion and cultural heritage Every human endeavor or work is worshipping i.e. ibadah and it is as a powerful force of motivation.

  28. Motivated Personality Spiritual inclined person as a Muslim concerned with the following: Nafs Ammarah – negative motivation due to worries, lack of confidence and do not respect the right of others and normally disobedience to Allah SWT e.g. do not pray etc.

  29. Motivated Personality Nafs Lawwamah – self-motivated and view work as challenging, meaningful and opportunity for personal advancement. Normally at this level of motivation still mix with good and bad motivation but quickly realized the mistakes and quickly correct it. Nafs Mutmainnah – high level of motivation and offers work with full satisfaction purely for the sake of Allah SWT. Treats work as professional and always purifying one’s soul.

  30. Maqasid al- Shariah or Purpose of Islamic Law as a basis of Motivation The Ashbah / Probable values Darurat Hajat Taysir/Tawassu Supplementary Supplementary Tahsinat Supplementary Supplementary Tahsinat Texts Texts Texts

  31. Maqasid al- Shariah or Purpose of Islamic Law The five purposes above are designated as; • Darurat – necessities and the primary purposes of the law, • Hajat– needs • Tawassu’ – seek to establish ease • Taysiir – and facility • Tahsiinaat– complementary values.

  32. “The only people that fail in their endeavors are those who quit prematurely or simply never try at all.” Anonymous

  33. Winners are generally ordinary people with extraordinary perseverance

  34. Team Building DYNAMIC TEAM BUILDING GAME Let’s GO!

  35. Team Building: Why is it Needed? Most of the Work In Any Field Accomplished in Groups: Together Everybody Achieves More

  36. “A candle loses nothing by lighting another candle.”(Erin Majors) …so as a Muslim helping others will be rewarded by ALLAH SWT….so be kind to help others who in need help!!! …Kerana semua yang kita ada (apa jua) adalah milik ALLAH SWT

  37. What Have You Learned? • The way we see the world is not neccessarily the way other people see the world. • People do not see as it is; they see it as they are - or as they have been conditioned to be. • Almost always this kind of perception experience causes people to be humbled and to be much more respectful, more reverent, more open to understanding. - Dr. Stephen R.Covey

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