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Text with a interesting details. Who was she? Where is that? What is this?

Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative – Computer Applications in Archaeology Joint Conference, Williamsburg, “Making History Interactive,” March 22-27, 2009. ECAI Session: Inventing Paths in Digital Data . Empowering Readers to Find Explanations: A What – Where – When – Who Approach

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Text with a interesting details. Who was she? Where is that? What is this?

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  1. Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative – Computer Applications in Archaeology Joint Conference, Williamsburg, “Making History Interactive,” March 22-27, 2009. ECAI Session: Inventing Paths in Digital Data. Empowering Readers to Find Explanations: A What – Where – When – Who Approach Michael Buckland ECAI & School of Information, University of California, Berkeley ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  2. In a paper environment, a library is a good place to read and to write because explanations are available. How do we move this situation into an internet environment? Resources Encyclopedias Atlases, place name Biographical dictionaries Dictionaries Library catalog Statistical series etc., etc. . . . . Text with a interesting details. Who was she? Where is that? What is this? What else was happening? Reader (or Writer) ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  3. Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHO? Click a name to search for an internet resource. ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  4. Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHERE? ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  5. Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHAT? ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  6. Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e.g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts. Demos at http://metadata.berkeley.edu/demos/ ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  7. Initial sketch for “Context Finding / Building” interface. Save search path Save link & notes as “stand-off” markup. Save link & notes as embedded mark-up. Insert / block text Ranked lists of suggested resources for each facet chosen Define facet Display of search result ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  8. Reasons for using WHERE, WHEN, WHO, and WHAT Reference Genre Vocabulary Displays Facet Encyclopedia Topics Cross-references WHAT Atlas, place list Places Maps WHERE Chronology Time Timelines WHEN Biogr. Dictionary Persons RelationshipsWHO Search interest Different genres for different facets require different vocabularies, different display requirements Differentiation by What, Where, When and Who aids disambiguation. Work in progress of feasibility and desirability of decomposing “Who’s Who” style biographical texts into life events encoded as 4W-tuple: Actions and activities encoded by What kind of action/activity; Where; When; and involving Who [else] ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  9. Comment: Facet genres include other facets Encyclopedia or library catalog Topic – Geographic aspects – Chronological aspects Place name gazetteer Place name – Type – Spatial markers (Lat & long) – When Time Period Directory Period name – Type – Time markers (Calendar) – Where Biographical Dictionary Person – Activity type – Time – Where – Who else ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  10. Facet genres with facets realigned: Associations. What Where When Who WHAT (Library catalog) X X X X WHERE (Place name list) X X X X WHEN (Time period dir.) X X X X WHO (Biographical dict.) X X X X From LCSH “Lighthouses” to NGA Place name list Geographic Description Code “Lthse” (Lighthouse). Place name list give locations of examples. Catalog gives literature about light houses. Vertical: Semantic mappings to same facet resources. Horizontal: Association with other facets provides context. ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  11. Context Finder: Ad hoc searches. Looking outwards, not inwards! Reference works CONTEXT FRAGMENT CORPUS ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  12. Reading online, The Irish Review, 1911, with place names already identified. Click on Westport, then on links to more info. ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  13. Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e.g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts. ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  14. Context Builder: Query, source, result saved asmarkup in text; and in notes. Reference work CONTEXT FRAGMENT CORPUS ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  15. The case of editing of historical papers . . . -- Slow publication -- Very limited footnotes, most editorial research not revealed -- Duplicative, overlapping editorial research The constraints of the printed codex! Web-published editors notes, as low-cost byproduct. ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

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  18. Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Making, retaining notes / links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Enriching reference works by adding reverse links, e.g. place name gazetteer mentions where a place is mentioned in texts. ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  19. Context Provider: Also reverse links from resource back to text. Now two-way! Reference work CONTEXT FRAGMENT CORPUS ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  20. Paper-based reference collection: Codex determines structure and use. Reference Genre Vocabulary Displays Facet Encyclopedia Topics Cross-references WHAT Atlas, place list Places Maps WHERE Chronology Time Timelines WHEN Biogr. Dictionary Persons RelationshipsWHO Search interest Reversed in a digital environment: Metadata forms infrastructure. Facet Vocabulary Displays Reference Genre WHAT Topics Cross-references Encyclopedia WHERE Places Maps Atlas, place list WHEN Periods Timeline Chronology WHO Persons Relationships Biogr.dictionary Search interest Build a union index, so you know where too look! Little green lights! http://metadata.berkeley.edu/demos/ ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

  21. Three projects on search support: Supported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services and the National Endowment for the Humanities. - Support for the learner: What, Where, When and Who (IMLS, 2004-06) ecai.org/imls2004 - Bringing Lives to Light: Biography in Context (IMLS, 2006-09) ecai.org/imls2006 - Context and Relationships: Ireland and Irish Studies (IMLS & NEH, 2007-09) ecai.org/neh2007 Part of a long-term “metadata” program. Teamwork by several people: Aitao Chen, Fredric Gey, Ray Larson, Dan Melia, Barry Pateman, Vivien Petras, Ryan Shaw, and others. Demos at http://metadata.berkeley.edu/demos/ ECAI/CAA Williamsburg

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