Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman

1. Psychology in Action (8e)byKaren Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 3: Stress and Health Psychology Karen Huffman, Palomar College ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

2. Lecture Overview • Understanding Stress • Stress and Illness • Health Psychology in Action • Health and Stress Management ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

3. Understanding Stress • What is Stress? • A nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it; • the arousal, both physical and mental, to situations or events that we perceive as threatening or challenging. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

4. Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

5. Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) • Cataclysmic Events: stressors that occur suddenly and generally affect many people simultaneously ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

6. Chronic Stressors: ongoing, long lasting, unpleasant events Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

7. Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) • Life Changes: life events that require some adjustment in behavior or lifestyle ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

8. Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

9. Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) • Hassles:: small, everyday problems that accumulate to become a source of stress ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

10. Occupation Burnout:: state of psychological and physical exhaustion resulting from chronic exposure to high levels of stress and little personal control Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

11. Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Frustration: unpleasant tension resulting from a blocked goal Conflict:forced choice between two or more incompatible goals or impulses ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

12. Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) • Three Types of Conflict • Approach-Approach: forced choice between two or more desirable alternatives • Avoidance-Avoidance: forced choice between two or more undesirable alternatives • Approach-Avoidance: forced choice between two or more alternatives both having desirable and undesirable results ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

13. Pause and Reflect: Check & Review • Assuming this man is attracted to one of these three women, is he experiencing an approach-approach, approach-avoidance, or avoidance-avoidance conflict? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

14. Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress Sympathetic Nervous System HPA Axis ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

15. Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) • Stress and the HPA Axis: • Prolonged elevation of cortisol is related to: • increased depression, memory problems, etc. • impairment of the immune system, which leaves the body vulnerable to disease. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

16. Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) • Stress and the Immune System • Psychoneuroimmunology:interdisciplinary field that studies the effect of psychological factors on the immune system ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

17. Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) • Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome • Alarm • Resistance • Exhaustion ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

18. Stress and Illness Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): anxiety disorder followingextraordinary stress Gastric Ulcers: caused bybacteria or stress? Or both? Cancer: related to genetic predisposition and environmental factors Cardiovascular Disorders: related to stress hormones, certain personality types, and certain behaviors ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

19. Stress and Illness (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

20. Pause and Reflect: Check & Review • Briefly describe Selye’s three stage General Adaptation Syndrome. • _____ is an anxiety disorder following extraordinary stress. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

21. Health Psychology: studies how biological, psychological, and social factors affect health and illness (the biopsychosocial model) Health Psychology in Action Biological Social Psychological ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

22. Health Psychology in Action • Major Health Risks: • Tobacco • Alcohol and Binge Drinking • Chronic Pain (lasting over 6 months) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

23. Pause and Reflect: Why Study Psychology? • Smokers often overestimate their risk of dying from homicide and traffic accidents, and greatly underestimate their risk from smoking. Studying Chapter 3 helps overcome these faulty beliefs. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

24. Health and Stress Management • Two major approaches to coping with stress: • Emotion-focused(changing one's perception of stressful situations) • Problem-focused(using problem-solving strategies to decrease or eliminate the source of stress) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

25. Health and Stress Management (Continued) • Our emotional reaction to stress largely depends on how we interpret it. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

26. Health and Stress Management (Continued) • Resources for Healthy Living • Health and Exercise • Positive Beliefs • Social Skills • Social Support • Material Resources • Control (Internal locus of control) • Relaxation ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

27. Pause and Reflect: Critical Thinking • Considering these seven resources for health and stress management, which resource do you most often use? Which one do you least often use? Why? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

28. Psychology in Action (8e)byKaren Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation • End of Chapter 3: • Stress and Health Psychology • Karen Huffman, Palomar College ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)