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April 1 st !. Happy April Fools Day!!! Begin NOW on finishing Vocab. – have 5 minutes once class starts. Agenda Bellwork Notes Questions. Revolutions in Russia HSCE 7.2.2 Ch. 30 sec. 1. *Czar Nicholas II- --absolute ruler of Russia---autocratic
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April 1st! • Happy April Fools Day!!! • Begin NOW on finishing Vocab. – have 5 minutes once class starts. • Agenda • Bellwork • Notes • Questions
Revolutions in RussiaHSCE 7.2.2Ch. 30 sec. 1 *Czar Nicholas II---absolute ruler of Russia---autocratic -anyone who spoke a lang. other than Russian, worshipped another religion besides Russian Orthodox Church, or questioned the Czar was dangerous = eliminated *Nicholas I---Alexander III (1880s)----Alexander II----Nicholas II (1894) *Czars did the following to keep Russia Pure: --Russian = official language --oppressed Natl. groups --targeted Jews --est. a uniform Russian culture
*Russia Industrializes--- 1863—1900 = factories doubled -still was behind Western nations -sought foreign investment & raised taxes to industrialize -by 1900, Russia is 4th largest steel producer in world -1916---longest railway in world = Trans-Siberian Railroad *Revolutionary Movement--- -industrialization = miserable work conditions, low wages, child labor, low standard of living = strikes! -Karl Marx----developed Marxism (communism) --industrial class would overthrow the czar/wealthy -proletariat----the workers ---workers would rule the country…..
*Bolsheviks---radical Marxists who were willing to sacrifice everything for revolutionary change. ---leader = Vladimir Lenin -ruthless -excellent organizer -charismatic personality --exiled early 1900s….but returned for 1917 Rev. *Crises in Russia--- -1904 = Russo-Japanese War----Russia gets faced by the Jap. Army---Russian people upset!!!! -Bloody Sunday: Rev. of 1905 = 200K workers protest at czar Nicky II’s palace------his men fire on the crowd = kill > 1000 --Nicky agrees to create Duma---parliament -Nicky won’t share power & dissolves Duma…….
*World War I---Nicholas II dragged Russia into war—1914 -Russians no match for Germans = 1000s Russians die > 4 million is less than a year -Nicky II’s wife (Alexandra) rules while he’s at war---ignored his advisors --Rasputin----”holy man”—claimed to have healing powers --he eased Alexis’ pain (Czar & Carina’s son) --in return she lets him make key govt. decisions -hooked up his friends—ignored the people *1916---he gets murdered! *Russian people were starving & freezing…low on supplies --high prices --screaming for change *Russian Army begins to mutiny and desert or ignore orders *Czar & Czarina could not handle the govt. anymore or problems
*General protests surged to an uprising --Czar Nicholas II steps down…give up his throne --300 year Romanov rule ended --Czar & family all murdered…. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aaKiTBjAeA Romanov death @ 2:04 *provisional govt. set up…..not strong -Soviets---local councils of workers, peasants, soldiers --many areas, soviets had more influence than provisional govt. *Germans knew Lenin & Bolsheviks would hurt the Russian war effort, so they arranged for him to return to Russia from exile in 1917
*1917—Lenin & Bolsheviks controlled major Russian cities --promised “Peace, Land, and Bread” --November 1917---stormed the Winter Palace in Petrograd, Russia ---Lenin distributed all farmland to peasants ---gave control of factories to workers ***Bolsheviks signed truce w/ Germany to stop fighting & enter peace talks *Bolsheviks face civil war--- Bolsheviks had to defeat enemies at home -White Army---anti-Bolsheviks who wanted czar back -Bolsheviks = Red Army *3 yr. fight = 14 million Russians die-----Red Army wins
*Russia Under Lenin--- -Economy is devastated by war/revolution -Lenin’s govt. takes control of banks, major industries, communication, most farms -country needed a single party who was disciplined and a central power to keep order & things running ***Organized Russia into several self-governing republics under control of Central Govt. ***1922----changes the name to USSR --Bolsheviks renamed their party = Communist Party *NOT dictatorship of the people….dictatorship of the Party *Joseph Stalin---slowly rose to power in Commie Party -cold, hard, ruthless, impersonal, paranoid -1924---Lenin dies = Stalin has the power & by 1928, takes command of Commie Party…
Comprehension Questions • Create at timeline showing the major events in the changing of Russian government. 1894 1922 • Which event on the timeline caused the death of 14 million Russians? • How did WWI help to bring about the Russian Revolution? • What groups made up the Red Army / White Army? • Why did the Bolsheviks rename their party the Communist Party?