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The status and performance of ESSnuSB

The status and performance of ESSnuSB. KEK and J-PARK 5 and 6 June 2019 T or d E k e löf Upp s a l a Un i v e rs i t y.

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The status and performance of ESSnuSB

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  1. The status and performanceofESSnuSB KEK and J-PARK 5 and 6 June 2019 TordEkelöf UppsalaUniversity KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  2. . The Sakharov conditions (necessary but not sufficient) to explain the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU):1. At least one B-number violating process.2. C- and CP-violation3. Interactions outside of thermal equilibriumGrand Unified Theories can fulfill the Sakharov conditions. However, in each m3 of the Universe there are on average ca 109 photons, one proton and no antiproton. The CP violation measured in the quark sector is far too small (by a factor 109) to explain this 109 photon to baryon ratio. Now, neutrino CP-violation, so far not observed, may very well be large enough to permit an explanation of BAU through the leptogenesis mechanism whichrelatesthe matter-antimatter asymmetryoftheuniversetoneutrinoproperties: decaysof heavy Majorananeutrinosgenerate a leptonasymmetrywhichispartlyconvertedto a baryonasymmetry via sphaleronprocesses. Why is there only matter and no antimatter in Universe? Tord Ekelöf, Uppsala University

  3. Three neutrino mixing atmospheric Non-CP terms solar interference CP violating Tord Ekelöf, Uppsala University

  4. Neutrino Oscillations with "large" θ13 2nd oscillation maximum dCP=-90 dCP=0 dCP=+90 solar P(νμ→νe) atmospheric for "large" θ13 1st oscillation maximum is dominated by atmospheric term for small θ13 1st oscillation maximum is better atmospheric solar • 1st oscillation max.: A=0.3sinδCP • 2nd oscillation max.: A=0.75sinδCP θ13=8.8º ("large" θ13) L/E L/E CP interference (see arXiv:1310.5992 and arXiv:0710.0554) CP interference (arXiv:1110.4583) θ13=1º θ13=8.8º L/E more sensitivity at 2nd oscillation max. Tord Ekelöf, Uppsala University

  5. TheESS neutronand neutrino beams 6 201M8-0a9-y112017 KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  6. Required modifications of the ESS accelerator architecture for ESSnuSB F. Gerigk and E. MontesinosCERN-ACC-NOTE-2016-0050 8 July 2016 to accelerate to 2.5 GeV “No show stoppers have been identified for a possible future addition of the capability of a 5 MW H- beam to the 5 MW H+ beam of the ESS linac built as presently foreseen. Its additional cost is roughly estimated at 250 MEuros.” Cf total cost of the ESS 5 MW linac of ca 1000 MEuros KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  7. The MegatonWater Cherenkovneutrino detector MEMPHYSlikeCherenkov detector(MEgatonMass PHYSics studiedby LAGUNA • Twocylindrical tanks • Total fiducialvolume 500kt(~20xSuperK) • Readout:~240k8”PMTs • 30%opticalcoverage (arXiv:hep-ex/0607026) KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  8. GarpenbergMine 540 km from ESS TheMEMPHYStypedetectortobe located1000 m downinamine Garpenbergmine depth1200m Truckaccesstunnel Anewore-hoistshaft hasbeentaken intooperation, leavinganoldershaftfreetousefortransportofESSnuSB-detectorcavernexcavation-debris Granitedrillcores KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  9. Zinkgruvan Mine 360 km from ESS Zinggruvanminedepth 1500 m Truck accesstunnel The mainore transport-shafthoist has a capacity of 6000 tons per 24 hours of whichonly 2/3 is used. To bringup the 2.5 Mton of cruched rock willtake order 3 years. KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  10. Thesecondνoscillationmaximum Theultimateprecisioninthe determinationofthe leptonic CPviolatingangleδCPfrom neutrinososcillationmeasurements willbe setby systematicerrors. Themotivationfortheeffortto generatea world-uniquelyintense neutrinobeamusingtheESS 5MW linacis tohaveenoughstatisticsto reachthe secondmaximum where theCPsignalis3timeshigherthanat thefirstmaximum,thus reducingthe uncertaintyin δCPduetosystematic errorsbyafactor3. KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  11. The effect of the sharply decreasing ν detection cross-section flux(E) 2.5 GeV xs CC, wat.dat file (Enrique) nue anue numu anumu (prob*xs)(E) dcp=0, NH KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  12. Comparison of the twominesGarpenbergZinkgruvan KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  13. Systematic errors Systematicuncertainties in long-baselineneutrinooscillationsfor large θ13 Pilar Coloma, Patrick Huber, Joachim Kopp, and Walter Winter Phys. Rev. D 87, 033004 – Published 11 February 2013 KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  14. Sensitivity to the different errortypes Fraction of values of CP for which a 5 discovery would be possible is shown when each of the systematic errors from table is varied individually between one half of the "optimistic" values and twice the "pessimistic" ones. A 540 km baseline and 5 yrs in neutrino and antineutrino mode have been assumed. The different systematics studied in the plot are the far and near detector fiducial volumes (FD and ND), the signal and background componentsof the beam running in neutrino and antineutrino modes (S v , B v , S v , and B v ), the cross section uncertainties for neutrinos and antineutrinos (X v and X v ) as well as for the NC interactions (NC v and NC v ) and the ratio of the muon to electron neutrino cross sections (RX v and RX v ). KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  15. Comarison of the twomines KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  16. ESSnuSB performance at Garpenberg (blue) and Zinkgruvan (red) and the two error sets ‘Def.’ and ‘ Opt’ KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  17. The performances of ESSnuSB, DUNE and Hyper-K The performance of ESSnuSB, DUNE and Hyper-K assumingthe same systematicerror 3% for all three experiments to comparethem on the same footing (detailedexplanation on the nextslide) Courtesy Enrique F. Martinez KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  18. Explanation of the figures in slide 14 In these figures are shown results for two 250 kt detectors in the Garpenberg mine (540 km baseline, blue curves), two 250 kt detectors in the Zinkgruvan mine (360 km baseline, green curves) and one 250 kt detector in the Garpenberg mine and one in the Zinkgruvan mine (black curves).  The Hyper-K curve in the middle and right plots and the two resolution values in the left plot for δCP = 0 and δCP = π/2, indicated by the two dotted horizontal lines, are those presented by Hyper-K at the Neutrino 2018 conference. The DUNE curves have been derived using the public GLoBES file released by the DUNE collaboration with its Conceptual Design Report in 2016. Performance predictions for DUNE, assuming 7 years of data taking, were shown by the DUNE collaboration at the Neutrino 2018 conference. For the comparison, in this plot the same simulations were repeated, assuming 10 years of data taking to be in line with the assumptions made for the Hyper-K simulations. The ESSνSB curves have been derived setting the systematic errors to 3% to be in line with the systematic error levels set by DUNE and Hyper-K. The θ13 and θ23 values for DUNE and ESSνSS have been set to the same values as those used by Hyper-K, again to compare the three experiments on the same footing. KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  19. Preliminary plots from a paper in preparation by Monojit Ghosh and Tommy Ohlsson at KTH Stockholm KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  20. The interest of measuringδCP precisely Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe Test of flavor models See Silvia Pascoli’s talk at this workshop from which these two slides are taken KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  21. Future further option form a ESS neutrino and muon facility Neutrons to ESS ESS proton driver Protons dump nm or nm Long Baseline Detector ESSnuSB p decay 2.7x1023p.o.t/year • Test Facility nm + ne m+ or m- Short Baseline Detector Short Baseline Detector Accumulator nuSTORM • Decay • channel or ring ne + nm Front end Muons of average energy ~0.5 GeV at the level of the beam dump (per proton) Storage ring RLA acceleration Neutrino Factory Long Baseline Detector Cooling Muon Collider Collider ring RCS acceleration → ← μ+μ- See Carlo Rubbias talk at the NeuTel2019 workshop more than 4x1020 μ/year from ESS KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  22. ESSnuSB organizationandtimeplan • EU grant 3 MEUR • Kick-offmeeting in January2018. • ESSνSBhascurrently engaged 10postdocs. • FirstESSnuSBand EuroNuNetannual meetingheldin Strasbourg22-26 November2018 partners:IHEP,BNL, SCK•CEN,SNS,PSI,RAL Moreinformationat: http://essnusb.eu/ KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  23. ESSnuSBorganizationandtimeplan A2ndgeneration neutrino SuperBeam 2033-2036: Start Data taking 7 years Constructionof thefacilityand detectors, including commissioning 2-5 years, International Agreement 2024:End Preparatory Phase,TDR 2021:End ofESSνSB DesignStudy, CDRand preliminary costing 2018: beginnin gof ESSνSB Design Study (EU- H2020) 2016- 2019: beginnin gof COST Action EuroNuN et 2012: Θ13 measurement published - inceptionof theESSnuSB project Nucl.Phys.B 885(2014)127 KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  24. “The potential of the world-uniquely powerful ESS linear accelerator for intensity-frontier particle physics” There are plans to organize a workshop with this title at ESS in the late autumn 2019 to overview the possibilities for a long term program on neutrino och muon physics, including the muon collider, based on the ESS high power linac. KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  25. Concludingremarks ESSnuSB,thedesignofwhichiscurrentlybeingstudied,iscomplementarytootherexistingand plannedsuperbeamexperimentsbythefact thatit focusses atthesecondmaximumwherethesensitivitytosystematic errorsis3timeslowerthanatthefirstmaximum, the correlation with other parameter of the ν mixing matrix is differentand thattheneutrinoenergyislowenoughfortheresonantanddeepinelasticbackgroundstobe stronglysuppressed. If andwhen thecurrentexperimentalhintsofCPviolationwill havebeenconfirmed on the level of 5σ,thenext important stepwill betomakean accuratemeasurementoftheCPviolatingangleδCP,whichwill requirethe CP violation signal to maximized. Accurate measurement of δCP has the potential to providedecisive information on flavourmodels and on the baryonasymmetry. The use of the ESS linac for the producing a world-uniquelyintense neutrino beamcanpave the way for makinguse of the concurrentproduction of an equallyintensemuonbeam to realize the MuonCollider or Neutrino Factoryproject. KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

  26. Thank you KEK and J-PARC Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University

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