Cooperative Transportation Systems Pooled Fund Study

1. Cooperative Transportation Systems Pooled Fund Study April 20, 2012 Melissa Lance ITS Communications Manager Virginia Department of Transportation

2. Cooperative Transportation Systems Pooled Fund Study • Introduction • Public Awareness of Connected Vehicles • Current Projects • Enabling Acceleration of an Multi-Configurable On-Board Equipment (OBE) • Intelligent Multi-Modal Traffic Signal System

3. Cooperative Transportation SystemsPooled Fund Study • The Pooled Fund Study (PFS) is a partnership of transportation agencies who have established a program to facilitate the development and evaluation of Connected Vehicle applications • The program will prepare state and local transportation agencies for the deployment of Connected Vehicle technologies • The program will result in the following outcomes: • Development and demonstration of Connected Vehicle-enabled system operations algorithms, tools and applications • Preparation for field demonstration tests

4. Public Awareness of Connected Vehicle • Public awareness is key to advance the Connected Vehicle program Washington Post Consumer Reports ITS International

5. Enabling Acceleration of aMulti-Configurable On-Board Equipment (OBE) • The successful deployment of Connected Vehicle applications will depend on widespread installation of OBE units in the vehicle fleet. • Over the last year, Visteon, completed a project that will prepare transportation agencies in selecting and procuring OBEs for fleet vehicles • The objectives of this project was to: • Identify Requirements of a Dynamic Configurable Multi-Band OBE • Analyze Current Market Readiness • Prepare Guidance Document to aid transportation agencies in procuring devices

6. Dynamic Configurable Multi-Band OBEWireless Technology Evaluation • 5.9 GHz DSRC • Dedicated spectrum range for transportation, inexpensive • Provides high bandwidth and low latency in short range communications • Suitable for safety applications (V2V or V2I) • For time-critical, short-range (500m~1000m) safety applications • Cellular Communication (3G/4G/LTE) • Shared spectrum range, subscription based • Provides high bandwidth, long-distance communications with potentially high latency and packet loss with congested networks • Suitable for mobility, entertainment, large-file transfer, long-distance, and non-time critical safety applications • Wi-Fi • Widely available, inexpensive • Suitable for non-time critical, access point applications (e.g. hot spots, parked vehicle) • Bluetooth • For low-power, short-range (10m) and entertainment applications (e.g., music sharing, hands-free telephony) • Two-way Satellite and Bluetooth were evaluated but determined not to be suitable for connected vehicle applications

7. Dynamic Configurable Multi-Band OBEWireless Technology Evaluation • Transmission range • If the distance between the sender and receiver exceeds the DSRC transmission range, data can be transmitted and switched smoothly through 3G/3.5G interface • Inter-vehicle communications • A default communications interface can be set (e.g., DSRC for safety purpose) and switched to another interface dynamically (e.g., Wi-Fi for Internet access)

8. Dynamic Configurable Multi-Band OBEHardware Requirements • CPU requirements • For security applications, the OBE should utilize more powerful CPU (e.g., 1.6 GHz) due to high computing needs • For general purpose applications (e.g., electronic payment) the OBE CPU requirements can be less (e.g., 400 MHz) • Memory requirements • For GIS and digital map applications, the OBE should support large memory (e.g., 512 MB) to store and operate the geographically referenced data • Storage requirements • The OBE should support large storage space (e.g., 4 GB) • CAN Interface requirements • For safety applications, the OBE should connect to the CAN bus interface • GPS requirements • For time-critical and safety application, the OBE should support fast and accurate location information with its built-in WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) enabled GPS receiver • Accuracy: 5m with WAAS; 10m without WAAS

9. Dynamic Configurable Multi-Band OBEProcurement Considerations • Deployment Background • Geographic Area, operating environment, vehicle platform, etc. • Purpose of Deployment • Field test vs. commercial deployment • Operations Scenarios & Performance Testing • User Expectations • Understand market and industry status • Market status and offerings by vendors

10. Current Market Readiness Analysis • There are multi-configurable OBEs currently on the market suitable for mobility and safety applications **Aftermarket Safety Devices being developed as part of the Safety Pilot Model Deployment in Michigan will include one or more optional non-DSRC radios of either 3G Wireless or WiMax. These devices will be available later this summer.

11. Consumer Research - Focus Group Interviews • Two focus group events were conducted • One focused on commercial vehicle drivers • The other focused on ordinary vehicle drivers • Consumers provided feedback on • OBE product attributes • Opinion on time-to-market for OBE features • OBE product pricing • Purchase/Service considerations of OBE product

12. Consumer Research – Result Highlights • Commercial vehicle drivers preferred safety featured applications • Collision warning systems, emergency braking, road maintenance, traffic signal violation, curve speed and redirection warning applications • Passenger vehicle preferred real-time traffic/travel information • Real-time traffic information, roadway condition weather, road maintenance, real-time traveler information, major events, and signal timing optimization applications • Drivers believe traffic management functions (e.g., corridor management, signal timing optimization, and ramp metering) should be public sector’s responsibility • Drivers believe the accident warning and driver information applications will be available sooner than traffic management applications • An on-board unit should cost an average of $200 but no more than $500 • Commercial vehicle drivers would prefer to purchase aftermarket OBEs at repair shops, while passenger vehicle drivers prefer retail stores and dealerships

13. Multi-Modal Intelligent Traffic Signal System • Awarded to University of Arizona (March 2012 – March 2013) • Partly funded by the USDOT to support the Dynamic Mobility Application program • Develop a concept of operations, systems requirements and system design that services multiple modes of transportation • Prepare for field testing/demonstration of the developed Multi-Modal Intelligent Traffic Signal System at two locations • Maricopa County, Arizona • El Camino Real, California

14. Multi-Modal Intelligent Traffic Signal System Schedule

15. Additional Information • Cooperative Transportation Systems Pooled Fund Study Website http://cts.virginia.edu/CTSPFS_1.html Melissa Lance ITS Communications Manager Virginia Department of Transportation Melissa.Lance@vdot.virginia.gov