Identifying Research Gaps in Implementation of Zero Energy Building (ZEB).

1. Identifying Research Gaps in Implementation of Zero Energy Building (ZEB). Chayanika MitraVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia . Annie. R. Pearce Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia Literature Review METHODOLOGY OBJECTIVES STEP 2 : Content Analysis • Identification of: • Research opportunities in context of ZEB. • Barriers in implementation of ZEB, based on content analysis. • Factors positively facilitating the adoption of ZEB among consumers. Research Gap PROCESS OVERVIEW INITIAL LIST OF LITERATURE STEP 1: Identification of Literature • Snowball sampling. • Areas Searched: STEP 3: Mapping Barriers in ZEB Innovation in construction • Mapping the attributes of the studies reviewed. • In terms of parameters, which characterize ZEB projects. • . Barrier breakers Environmental Management Market barrier Barriers Renewable energy Construction Barriers in ZEH Green building BACKGROUND Net zero energy home • United States is second only to Canada in energy use per person (DOE 2008). • DOE defines a Zero Energy Building (ZEB) as a building with greatly reduced energy needs through efficiency gains such that the balance of the energy needs can be supplied by renewable technologies. • It has been proven that these zero energy homes can lead to saving of energy up to 70% when compared to their traditionally built counterparts.(Parker et al. 2000). Diffusion of innovation Barriers in Sustainable Construction . Net zero energy building STEP 4: Gap Analysis STEP 2 : Content Analysis • STEPS (Robson 2002) : • Start with a research question. • Decide on sampling strategy. • Define the recording unit. • Construct categories for analysis. • Carry out analysis • PARAMETERS IDENTIFIED: • Barrier • Barrier Breaker • Parameter • . • Conducted based on: • Mapping (tables) • To identify research gaps and opportunities. • Parameters of each body of literature. • . IMPORTANCE OF STUDY REFERENCES • Abdalla, G., Maas, G., and Huyghe, J. (2009). “Barriers to Zero Energy Construction (ZEC) Technically possible; why not succeed yet?” Proc., International passive and low energy architecture conference, Quebec, Canada, 3-5. • Baechler, M. C., and Love, P. M. (2004). “Builders and Buyers Handbook for Improving New Home Efficiency, Comfort, and Durability in the Hot and Humid Climate.” Building America Best Practices Series: Volume 1, DOE, Oak Ridge, TN, 1-137. • Brostrom, M., and Howell, G. (2008). “The challenges of designing and building a net zero energy home in a cold high-latitude climate.” Proc., International Solar cities Congress, Adelaide, South Australia, 17-29. • Caird, S., Roy, R., and Herring, H. (2008). “Improving the energy performance of UK households: Results from surveys of consumer adoption and use of low – and zero-carbon technologies.” J. Energy Efficiency., 1(2), 149-166. • Dixon, G., Abdel-Salam, T., and Kauffmann, P. (2010). “Evaluation of the effectiveness of an energy efficiency program for new home construction in eastern North Carolina.” J.Energy., 35(3), 1491-1496. • Department of Energy (DOE 2009a). “U.S. Department of Energy, Buildings Energy Data Book.” 2006 Data, <http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/TableView.aspx?table=1.2.3> (Sep. 1, 2010). • DOE (2009b). “U.S. Department of Energy, Buildings Energy Data Book.” 2006 Data, <http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/TableView.aspx?table=2.1.1>(Sep.1,2010). • DOE (2009c). “U.S. Department of Energy, Buildings Energy Data Book.” 2006 Data, <http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/TableView.aspx?table=3.1.1> (Sep. 1, 2010). • DOE (2009d). “U.S. Department of Energy, Annual Energy Review 2008.” Independent Statistics and analysis, <http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/contents.html> (Sep. 1, 2010). • Duke, R., and Kammen, D.M. (1999). “The Economics of Energy Market Transformation Programs.” Energy Journal., 20(4), 15-64. • Farhar, B. C., Coburn, T. C., and Murphy, M. (2004). “Large-production home builder experience with zero energy homes.” Proc., Summer study on Energy Efficiency in buildings, ACEEE, Pacific Grove, Cal,8_ 9 – 8_109. • Kibert, C.J. (1994). “Establishing principles and a model for sustainable construction.” Proc., of the First International Conference on Sustainable Construction, ed. C.J.Kibert. Tampa, FL., November 6-9. CIB TG-16. • Mlecnik, E., Visscher, H., and Hal, A.V. (2010). “Barriers and opportunities for labels for highly energy-efficient houses.” J. Energy., 38(8), 4592-4603. • Ofori, G., Briffett, C., Gang, G., and Ranasinghe, M. (2000). “Impact of ISO 14000 on construction enterprises in Singapore.” J. Construction Management and Economics., 18(8), 935-947. • Parker, D. S. (2009). “Very low energy homes in the United States: Perspectives on performance from measured data.” J. Energy and Buildings., 41(5), 512-520. •  Pearce, A.R. (1999). “Sustainability and the Built Environment: A Metric and Process for Prioritizing Improvement Opportunities.”  Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology., Atlanta, GA. • Puttagunta, S., Aldrich, R. A., Owens, D. K., and Vijayakumar, G.(2006). “The Winding Road Towards “Zero” Energy:Lessons from Monitoring Efficient Solar Homes.” Proc. Summer study • on Energy Efficiency in buildings, ACEEE, Pacific Grove, Cal,1_235 9 – 1_246. • Schleich, J., and Gruber, E. (2008). “Beyond Case studies barriers to energy efficiency in commerce and the services sector.” J. Energy Economics., 30(2), 449-464. • Shen, L. Y., and Tam, V. W. Y. (2002). “Implementation of environmental management in the Hong Kong construction industry.” International Journal of Project Management., 20(7), 535-543. • Trahan, R. D. (2009). “Geothermal HVAC systems- a business case analysis for net zero plus.” M.S. thesis, Naval PostGraduate School., Monterey, Ca. • Zhu, L., Hurt, R., Correa, D., and Boehm, R. (2009). “Comprehensive energy and economic analyses on a zero energy house versus a conventional house.” J. Energy., 34 (9)1043-1053. • The concept of ZEB needs to be developed within an integrated system approach, not simply as number of discrete, isolated concepts (Wall 1993; Feickert et al. 2009). • Similar to the development of any technology, ZEB can be viewed from the prospective of innovation theory.. Fig2: Household Distribution of Energy Consumption (DOE 2008).