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Transport. Swenson. Circulatory system. Function of Circulatory System Food and Oxygen (O2) to cells Temperature control Hormone delivery Remove wastes away from cell Maintain Water balance pH balance Blood Clotting Immune system.

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Transport

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  1. Transport Swenson

  2. Circulatory system • Function of Circulatory System • Food and Oxygen (O2) to cells • Temperature control • Hormone delivery • Remove wastes away from cell • Maintain Water balance • pH balance • Blood Clotting • Immune system

  3. Quantity of blood in adults 5-6 LBlood components video: http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/adam-200081.htm

  4. Componenets of blood • Plasma • Functions: CO2 transport, wastes, nutrients. • Made of: 90% water, 7% protein, 3% minerals (Na+, K+, I2, Fe+3), gases (O2, CO2), wastes.

  5. “Buffy coat” leukocytes (white blood cells) • Made of immune cells + platelets

  6. Erythrocytes – red blood cells (carry O2)

  7. Red Blood Cell • Function: • Carry O2 to cells • Remove CO2, as HCO3+ from cells. • Characteristics: • Red-hemoglobin (Fe) • No nucleus • 100-120 day life span • Made in bone marrow • Old cells removed in liver and spleen • Hemoglobin binds CO tighter than O2

  8. White Blood Cell Function: • Defend against invaders Characteristics: • Large nucleus • Made in bone marrow. • Respond where needed. • 1 WBC to 600 RBC • Life: 3 days • Can attack YOU(allergies, arthritis)

  9. Platelets Function: • Blood Clotting Characteristics: • Odd shape • Smallest blood celll • No nucleus • 20:1 RBC: platelets Red blood cell, platelet and white blood cell

  10. Blood Vessels • Video - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjNKbL_-cwA&feature=related

  11. Arteries • Arteries “A” away • Blood away from heart • Oxygen rich • Elastic and has pulse • Can be clogged with cholesterol

  12. Veins • Back to heart • 1 way valves • Not as flexible as arteries - contractions • close to surface of the skin

  13. Capillaries • Connect arteries to veins • Small (some walls 1 cell thick) and not flexible • Gas and nutrient/waste exchange happens here: In: food, O2 and H2O Out: CO2 and wastes

  14. Hepatic Artery

  15. Radial vein Ulnar Vein

  16. Problems with Circulatory • Anemia – What is it? • Low RBC count. What is the cause of it? RBC’s do not live full life span. Thus, bone marrow cannot keep up. Or WBC’s mistake RBC’s for foreign invader. Hemoglobin is an iron rich protein. Not same thing as anemia this is called Iron-deficient anemia

  17. Symptoms: Tired, fatigued, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, pale skin, leg pain, etc. Treatments: Vitamin B12 supplement, increase in iron

  18. II. Leukemia • What is it? Abnormal white blood cells (4 major types) cancer of blood forming tissue What is the cause of it? - Bone marrow has increase of production of white blood cells

  19. Symptoms: fatigue, abnormal bleeding, weight loss, exercise intolerance, infection/fever, abdominal pain, enlarged spleen/lymph nodes or liver • Treatments: chemotherapy (chemicals to kill), Radiation therapy (X-ray’s to damage cells), Biological therapy (help immune system recognize and kill cells)

  20. III. HemophiliaWhat is it? Lack of blood clotting factors What is the Cause? Inherited a faulty gene Symptoms: Prolonged bleeding, easy bruising, nosebleeds, swelling/inflammation of muscles Treatments: Replacement therapy where blood clotting factors are placed in the blood intravenously.

  21. Blood Information • Coagulation is blood clotting • How it works: • http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/folder_structure/tr/m1/s7/trm1s7_3.htm

  22. Stroke What is it? Lack of supply of oxygen to the brain What is the cause? caused by an embolism to the brain which blocks blood flow (oxygen) animation http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200071.htm

  23. Varicose Veins What is it? Enlarged veins What is the Cause? • defective/damaged valves within the veins that allow blood to build up. • This pooling expands veins causes them to enlarge

  24. Symptoms: veins that are dark blue in color, bulging or pain in the legs, • Treatments: Compression stockings, Sclerotherapy where doctor injects a solution into veins that scars them, closing those veins or Laser surgery where bursts of light close veins (no needles)

  25. Bruises -the muscle fibers and connective tissue underneath are crushed. Then blood from the ruptured capillaries near the skin's surface escapes and leaks where the blood gets trapped

  26. Heart Lecture I. Heart’s purpose • Pump blood to body. II. Pericardium • Sack around heart to lubricate. III. How many chambers in a human heart? 4 chambers • 2 atriums (upper) • 2 ventricles (lower) Purpose is to provide one directional flow of blood through the heart

  27. Flow through heart • Use overhead to go through heart parts and function • http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200083.htm

  28. Right side • Superior and Inferior vena cava - largest veins in your body and carry the oxygen-poor blood back to the right atrium of your heart. • Right atrium - receives the blood and then pumps to the right ventricle. • Right ventricle – pumps blood through semilunar valve to the pulmonary arteries to your lungs. • Pulmonary arteries – pump oxygen poor blood to thin blood vessels called capillaries, the blood picks up more oxygen. • Pulmonary veins - pump oxygen-rich blood from your lungs back to the LEFT side of the heart

  29. Left Side • Blood from Pulmonary veins enters the left atrium. • Left Atrium – pumps blood into the left ventricle • Left ventricle - oxygen-rich blood is pumped through the semilunar (aortic valve) to your aorta and to the rest of the body. • Like all of your organs, your heart needs blood rich with oxygen. This oxygen is supplied through the coronary arteries as blood is pumped out of your heart's left ventricle.

  30. Valves – prevent backflow • Tricuspid valve – right side of the heart between atrium and ventricle • Bicuspid valve – left side of the heart between the atrium and ventricle • Semilunar Valve (pulmonic or aortic) – away from heart to lungs or away from heart to the body

  31. Septum Tissue that separates the left from the right side of the heart.

  32. Which heart parts and closely related blood vessels high in CO2? (color green) • Sup/Inf. Vena cava, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right Ventricle Which heart parts and closely related blood vessels high in O2? (color red) • Left atrium and Lft. Ventricle, Pulmonary vein, Aorta

  33. Heart Beat • What controls the heart beat? Natural Pacemaker called the Sinoatrial Node (S.A. Node) • The SA node sends electrical impulses from the top chamber of the heart (Atrium) 2. Then the atrium contracts (presses together - squeezes) and sends blood to the bottom chamber (Ventricle)

  34. Then the electrical impulses are in the ventricles through a node called AV node (Atrioventricular node) - the 2nd node that sends electrical impulses after the SA node 4. So the impulse spreads throughout the ventricles (right & left), the muscles contract and then pump out blood 5. Blood from the right ventricle goes to your lungs & blood from the left ventricle goes to your whole body. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter22/animation__conducting_system_of_the_heart.html

  35. What is blood pressure? Pressure of blood on arteries. • Systole is ventricles contracting, the “beat” (first pressure number measured) • Diastole is ventricles relaxed “resting” (second pressure number)

  36. Blood pressure • Blood pressure indicates how well the heart is pumping • BP should be: 120/80

  37. What affects blood pressure? • Age, diet, can increase systole. • Exercise can decrease diastole • Cigarettes increase

  38. Problems?

  39. Pulse What is your pulse? • The number of beats/minute through your arteries. (use of thumb) • Adults about 70 beats per minute What affects the heart rate? • Decreases with age, regular exercise, Temperature, and hormones also affect heart rate. • Cigarettes increase heart rate.

  40. How can you measure pulse? • Carotid artery (neck) • Radial artery (wrist) When you measure your pulse, what do you actually feel? Feeling pressure on the arteries from the ventricles contracting, pushing blood through

  41. High blood pressure • Increase pressure on arteries and veins causing heart to work harder to pump blood “High blood pressure -- 50,000,000.” (http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4591) II. Artheriosclerosis -hardening and clogging of arteries that reduces elasticity

  42. Plant Transport Definition of vascular tissue • Transport tissue, in plants H2O or nutrients Types of vascular tissue A. Xylem - Dead cell walls, form “pipes” to carry water. • Water flows generally from roots to leaves. B. Phloem - Live cell “tubes” transport sap. (nutrients) • Sap flows up, down and across

  43. Materials transported Transported in Xylem H2O Dissolved minerals (Mg+2, Mn+6, K+, etc.) Hormones

  44. How does Xylem Work? I. Successive Osmosis • The flow of water from a high concentration to a low concentration, through several cells into the root. • Cohesion of water molecules -- Hydrogen bonds in water cause water to “stick” together because of attraction between like molecules. This is why droplets form. III. Adhesion of water molecules The force of attraction between unlike molecules • Cohesion and Adhesion are the forces that allows water to rise up the xylem.

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