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Chinese Orchestra

Chinese Orchestra. Ethan Tan Xin Kai(1A408) Low Ming Lim(1A4170 Ong Ji Keong(1A419) Chiah Zi Feng(1A405). Objectives. To raise awareness of the Chinese Orchestra To give a brief introduction of : History of the Chinese Orchestra Types of Chinese Orchestra

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Chinese Orchestra

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  1. Chinese Orchestra Ethan Tan Xin Kai(1A408) Low Ming Lim(1A4170 Ong Ji Keong(1A419) Chiah Zi Feng(1A405)

  2. Objectives • To raise awareness of the Chinese Orchestra • To give a brief introduction of : • History of the Chinese Orchestra • Types of Chinese Orchestra • Structure of modern day Chinese Orchestra

  3. Rationale of our project This is the survey results:

  4. Instrument Classification Idiophones Instruments that create sound by vibrating themselves. E.g. clappers Membranophones Instruments such as drums Chordophones Stringed Instruments Aerophones Wind instruments

  5. Seating Arrangement

  6. History of Chinese Orchestra

  7. Shang Dynasty • Records from oracle bones • Instruments then: • Hand drums • Drums struck by drum-sticks • Fultes • Sonorous stones • bells

  8. Han Dynasty Start of influx of foreign music and instrutments Ritual orchestra Performed Yayue (elegant music) Instruments of Chinese origin: Bronze bells, stone chimes, zithers, wind instruments Ceremonial /entertainment orchestra Court ceremonies and banquets Performed Yanyue (banquet music) More instruments of foreign origin Processional bands Guchui: Drums and winds

  9. Early Tang (Indian Orchestra) • All instruments of foreign origin • Increase in stringed instruments, absence of bells and chimes • Idiophones • Tongbo (brass cymbals) • Membranophones (all drums) • Qianggu, Maoyungu, Duyungu • Chordophones • Fenshou konghou (phoenix-headed harp), pipa (lute), wuxian pipa (5-stringed lute) • Aerophones • bili (oboe), hengdi (transverse flute) bei (shell)

  10. Tang Dynasty (from painting by Zhou Wenju) Idiophones Fangxiang (iron chimes), paiban (clappers) Membranophones Dagu (big drum), *yaogu (hour-glass drum) Chordophones *pipa (lute), zheng (zither), *konghou (harp) Aerophones Sheng (mouth organ), *bili (oboe), *di (transverse flute), xiao (vertical flute) *= foreign origin at that time

  11. Qing Dynasty • Idiophones • Yunlo (brass gongs), *paiban (clappers), • Membranophones • Chordophones • *Zheng (zither), *huqin (fiddle), tiqin (4-stringed fiddle), erxian (2-stringed lute), *pipa (lute), *sanxian (3-stringed lute), yueqin (4-stringed lute), yazheng (bowed zither), huobusi (kobuz) • Aerophones • *xiao (vertical flute), *di (transverse flute), *sheng (mouth organ), guan (oboe) * = eventually part of modern chinese orchestra

  12. Jiangnan Sizhu • Idiophones • Ban (clappers) • Membranophones • Diengu (drum) • Chordophones • Erhu (fiddle), pipa (lute), xiao sanxian (small 3-stringed lute), yangqin (hammered dulcimer) • Aerophones • Di (transverse flute), xiao (vertical flute), sheng (mouth organ)

  13. Western Influences In the late 19th and early 20th Century, after repeated Western and Japanese humiliation in various events such as the Opium War, the education system was reformed and modeled after Japan and the West. Those who were determined to save the nation concluded that traditional Chinese culture was the chief obstacle to China achieving strength and prosperity. Traditional music was taught alongside western music but many more youths were attracted by the new (Western) style of music.

  14. Changes • The changes to the Chinese orchestra involved having: • A large musical organization • Western polyphony • A conductor • Sight-reading

  15. Modern Chinese Orchestra Idiophones Membranophones Chordophones Aerophones

  16. Products Website Brochure

  17. Summary It has a rich history Can learn about China’s history

  18. Bilbliography

  19. Thank You For Listening!

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