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The Byzantine Empire: Rise, Division, and Fall

Explore the rise, division, and fall of the Byzantine Empire, including the reasons for splitting the Roman Empire, the relocation of the capital to Constantinople, and the significance of Emperor Justinian and the Justinian Code. Learn about the empire's wealth, trade, and architectural accomplishments, as well as its ultimate demise at the hands of the Ottoman Empire.

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The Byzantine Empire: Rise, Division, and Fall

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  1. Warm-up 1) Reread pg 159-160 2)Why did Diocletian divide the Roman empire? What was the approximate time period? 3) What were some differences between the East and the West? 4) When did Constantine come to power? When did he move the capital? What benefits resulted from moving Rome's capital to Byzantium. 5) Read pgs 161-162 beginning with Germanic Invasions. Who was Rome's final emperor? Who actually controlled Western Rome? 6) Read pg 269 Setting the Stage, A New Rome in a New Setting, and Justinian: A New Line of Caesars. Why was Rome officially divided again in 395 CE? 7) What is the significance of General Belisarius?

  2. Essential Questions • What are two reasons why Constantinople was a good location for the capital of the Roman Empire? • Who was Justinian? • What was the Justinian Code? • What was the third (and final) name of Constantinople?

  3. The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

  4. Important Terms • Rule of law • Government by law. The rule of law implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were adopted through an established procedure. • Autocrat • Ruler who has complete authority

  5. The Division of the Roman Empire In 284 C.E. Diocletian became Roman emperor. He decided that the huge Roman empire could only be ruled by splitting it into two parts.

  6. The Division of the Roman Empire From World History: Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003

  7. Constantine • In 330 C.E. Diocletian’s successor, Constantine, rebuilt the old port of Byzantium, at the mouth of the Black Sea. • He renamed it Constantinople and made the city the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.

  8. Just do it! Look at the following map and answer this question in your notes. • What are the advantages of building a major city here?

  9. What are the advantages of building a major city here?

  10. Advantages Peninsula • Provided natural safe harbors for ships • both merchant and military ships • Provided natural defense • water on three sides. (the Black and Aegean Seas)

  11. Advantages Trade • Easy access to the Mediterranean Sea • Located at an important land route that linked Europe and Asia (Silk Road)

  12. The Fall of the Western Roman Empire • By 395 C.E., the Roman Empire was formally divided into two empires: East and West. • With the invasion of Germanic forces from the north, the Western Roman Empire was conquered and further divided. • This left the eastern part of the Roman empire to carry on the Greco-Roman tradition.

  13. Byzantine Empire At first, this Empire controlled only a small area around the eastern Mediterranean, but during the reign of Justinian (527-565), it started to recover much of the territory of the old Roman empire.

  14. The Byzantine Empire Under Justinian This map depicts the Empire at the death of Justinian I, who had reigned from 527 to 565 as sole Emperor, sometimes in concert, and sometimes in conflict, with his powerful wife Theodora.

  15. The New Rome The Byzantine Empire was wealthy and produced: It traded these for spices, ivory and precious stones on the Silk Road with China and India. gold, silk, grain, olives and wine

  16. The Silk Road

  17. Justinian and Theodora • Justinian ruled as an autocrat with the help of his wife, Theodora. • They created a huge Christian empire and the empire reached its greatest size.

  18. Justinian and Theodora They also built Hagia Sophia • And rebuilt the Hippodrome

  19. Justinian and Theodora Created Justinian’s Code – which organized all the laws of ancient Rome.

  20. Justinian’s Code of Laws • Laws were more fair to women. They could own property and raise their own children after their husbands died. • Children could choose their own marriage partners. • Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters. • Punishments were detailed and fit the crime • His work inspired the modern concept and, indeed, the very spelling of "justice".

  21. The End of the Byzantine Empire • The Byzantine empire drew to a close in 1453 when forces from the Muslim Ottoman Empire surrounded and conquered Constantinople. • The ancient city was renamed Istanbul and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

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