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KGA172 SPACE, PLACE AND NATURE LECTURE 23 QUANTIFYING INTANGIBLE VALUES Ronlyn Duncan

KGA172 SPACE, PLACE AND NATURE LECTURE 23 QUANTIFYING INTANGIBLE VALUES Ronlyn Duncan. www.flickr.com/Catchthedream. www.flickr.com/Lumase. www.flickr.com/Jimgoldstein. Lecture outline. defines intangible values describes some of the ways in which intangible values can be quantified

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KGA172 SPACE, PLACE AND NATURE LECTURE 23 QUANTIFYING INTANGIBLE VALUES Ronlyn Duncan

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  1. KGA172 SPACE, PLACE AND NATURE LECTURE 23 QUANTIFYING INTANGIBLE VALUES Ronlyn Duncan www.flickr.com/Catchthedream www.flickr.com/Lumase www.flickr.com/Jimgoldstein

  2. Lecture outline • defines intangible values • describes some of the ways in which intangible values can be quantified • relates to questions 10, 11 and 12 • vocabulary is underlined

  3. Intangible values: what are they? Intangible values = attitudes and preferences that are not immediately obvious, e.g. Aesthetic value lies in the brain of the beholder, partly hard-wired by evolutionary processes and partly induced by experience and socialisation. It includes sight, sound, smell, taste, touch and intuition. Only regarded as aesthetically attractive by vegetable gardeners The archetypal beautiful view

  4. www.australianforests.org.au/images/australia www.flickr.com by Today is a good day, 2005 www.flickr.com by leoffreitas, 2006 www.flickr.com *Micky, 2006

  5. Temporal and spatial variation in aesthetic preference related to intergenerational differentiation, culture and class

  6. How do we integrate environmental values into decisions … when they are: • intangible • often conflicting • time-consuming to obtain • difficult to separate out. Often left out or insufficiently recognised in decisions that alter or exploit space, place and nature.

  7. What are the social values of urban woodlands? • March, 2003: postal survey sent to 1000 residents aged between 15-75 years randomly sampled. • Mapped social values of green areas. • Qualitative + quantitative approach. Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007, p. 7). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 5-19.

  8. Study site: East Helsinki, Finland, 10 km from city centre. Mainly young forests, former agricultural land and narrow forested belts. Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007, p. 7). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 5-19.

  9. What are the social values of urban woodlands? • How much and what kinds of green areas should be provided for residents in urban areas? • Do suburban green areas provide high-quality benefits for residents? • Where do residents find attractive and meaningful green areas and what are the characteristics of these areas?

  10. Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007, p. 14). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 5-19.

  11. Also asked about negative values of unpleasantness, scariness and noise

  12. Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007, p. 14). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 5-19.

  13. 80% very important 17% relatively important Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007, p. 10). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 5-19.

  14. Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007, p. 10). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 5-19.

  15. Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007, p. 10). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 5-19.

  16. Thematic map for each quality was plotted from the votes received per area Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007, p. 12). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 5-19.

  17. Typology of environmental values

  18. Economic valuation methods

  19. Travel cost method • A revealed preference method • Uses actual behaviour and travel costs to reveal underlying preferences of individuals • Infers willingness to pay for environmental quality from decisions made about where to travel for recreation. Keohane, N.O. & S.M. Olmstead (2007). Markets and the Environment, Island Press, Washington. p. 33-43

  20. Hedonic Pricing • A revealed preference method. • Uses observed market prices to infer value of environmental amenity that is “bundled” with private goods. • Often uses housing market data. • Infers from market real estate prices willingness to pay for environmental quality. Keohane, N.O. & S.M. Olmstead (2007). Markets and the Environment, Island Press, Washington. p. 33-43

  21. Contingent Valuation • Contingent valuation is a stated preference method. • People are asked in surveys about their willingness to pay for an environmental amenity, e.g. better air quality. Keohane, N.O. & S.M. Olmstead (2007). Markets and the Environment, Island Press, Washington. p. 33-43

  22. Recommended reading: On MyLO: Keohane, N.O. & S.M. Olmstead (2007). Markets and the Environment, Island Press, Washington. p. 33-43. Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007, p. 14). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 5-19.

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