1 / 20

Air pollution

Air pollution. Air Pollution. Challenges of Risk Assessment Economic consequences of over-regulation. Geographic Variation Fairness and the Precautionary Principle. The challenges of air pollution legislation. Modeling of Air Pollution. Chemical Changes. Transport. Deposition. Emission.

hateya
Download Presentation

Air pollution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Air pollution Air Pollution

  2. Challenges of Risk Assessment Economic consequences of over-regulation Geographic Variation Fairness and the Precautionary Principle The challenges of air pollution legislation

  3. Modeling of Air Pollution Chemical Changes Transport Deposition Emission

  4. Particulates Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Oxides Carbon Oxides Hydrocarbons Ozone Stratospheric troposheric Lead (included with particulates in the text) Air Toxics (hazardous air pollutants) Primary and Secondary Pollutants Mobile and Stationary Sources Smog Photochemical Smog Major Air Pollutants

  5. Air Pollutant Sources (CA)

  6. Effects of Air PollutionHazard Identification and Dose Response • Respiratory Disease • Emphysema • Bronchitis • Asthma • Lung Cancer • Toxic Responses • Mental impairment and Death • CO – reduction in blood’s ability to transport oxygen • Neurotoxic responses and effects on development • Teratogenic and Mutagenic Effects • (less common for airborne pollutants)

  7. Effects of Air PollutionHazard Identification and Dose Response • Loss of plant productivity • Damage to wildlife populations • Corrode metals and concrete

  8. Issues associated with Exposure Assessmentfor outdoor air pollution

  9. Exposure Assessment

  10. Chronic vs. acute exposures Sensitivity of the receptor Precautionary principle? Go through Risk Assessment Effects on human health Effects on the ecosystem Effects on buildings and structures Calculation of dosage Inversions/Climatic Effects Hazard CharacterizationEstablishment of standards

  11. Establishment of Limits • Maintain or improve conditions? • Who bears the burden? • Economic consequences of over-protection vs. the environmental and health risks associated with the pollutants:

  12. Technology to Control Air Pollution • Stationary sources • Scrubbers… • Reduce pollution in material being burned • Higher stacks (greater dilution) • Hotter temperatures (more rapid dispersal) • Mobile Sources • Catalytic converters • Cleaner fuels • Inspections

  13. Clean Air Act (1963, 1970, 1990) Common Pollutants Criteria Pollutants Mobile Sources Acid Rain Toxic Air Pollution Stratospheric Ozone Mobile Sources Cleaner Cars Catalytic converters Lead and other toxins Reformulated Gasoline Low Sulfur Fuels Alternative Fuels Cleaner Trucks and Buses Transportation Policies Inspection and Maintenance Programs Legislation to Control Air Pollution

  14. Stationary Sources • Industry Based Approach • BAT/BPT (LAER) • Attainment Areas • Prevention of Significant Deterioration • Non-Attainment Areas • All nonattainment New Source Review (NSR) programs have to require • (1) the installation of the lowest achievable emission rate (LAER), • (2) emission offsets, and • (3) opportunity for public involvement. • (4) Control of Mobile Sources

  15. Ozone Depletion http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/ozanim/ozoanim.shtml

  16. Acid Precipitation

  17. Other Issues • Global Distillation Effect • Indoor Air Pollution • Sick Building Syndrome • OSHA

More Related