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WATER

WATER. WE LIVE ON A WATER PLANET. WE REQUIRE WATER (FRESH) TO SURVIVE. BUT, MOST WATER IS SALTY AND FRESH IS LIMITED. MAYBE THERE IS A WAY – KNOW YOUR PLANET. MOST ALL LIVING THINGS REQUIRE WATER. From the sea we and all evolved. Our blood chemistry and tissue fluids

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WATER

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  1. WATER

  2. WE LIVE ON A WATER PLANET

  3. WE REQUIRE WATER (FRESH) TO SURVIVE

  4. BUT, MOST WATER IS SALTY AND FRESH IS LIMITED

  5. MAYBE THERE IS A WAY – KNOW YOUR PLANET

  6. MOST ALL LIVING THINGS REQUIRE WATER

  7. From the sea we and all evolved • Our blood chemistry and tissue fluids mark all of us – it’s salty; and

  8. Water is one of the weirdest things.

  9. THE TYPES OF WATER -- I

  10. ONE-salt water • Greatest mass – 97% • 3.5 wt% dissolved material • Covers 71% of Earth

  11. TWO-fresh water • 4 places • Atmosphere as gas • On land surface as liquid • In the land as groundwater • On land as ice • Low content of dissolved material • Most land life requires fresh • Limited – only as rain

  12. THE TYPES OF WATER -- II

  13. ONE-solid • Density = 0.92 g/cm2 • Types • snow • glaciers • polar caps, when present

  14. TWO-liquid • Density = 1 g/cm2 • Types • rain • as small, suspended droplets • seas • on and in land

  15. THREE-gaseous • Density varies but (typically) <1 g/cm • Not visible

  16. PROPERTIES

  17. Effects of pressure and temperature • The changes of state • (in pure, standard system) at 0o and 100o C

  18. Structure and properties This end a partial - charge This end a partial + charge

  19. Structure and properties-cont. • Excellent solvent

  20. Structure and properties-cont. • When hot and under high-pressure –nearly a universal solvent

  21. Structure and properties-cont. • Disassociation HOH  OH- + H+

  22. Structure and properties-cont. • Liquid  solid (EXPANDS!)

  23. Structure and properties-cont. • In atmosphere exists as both liquid and gaseous – because the atmosphere is a mixture of gasses

  24. THE WATER CYCLE An internal system driven by an external source of energy

  25. EARTH’S WATER

  26. gaseous • Mostly as one of atmospheric gases

  27. liquid (not including atmospheric) • EROSION • by wave action • by flowing water water doesn’t run!!! • STEAM CYCLES DRIVEN BY GRADIENT • flowing water creates valleys • GROUNDWATER • In upper porous and permeable soil and alluvium

  28. Flowing water

  29. waves

  30. solid • Polar caps and large ice masses • Thick enough to cover the land completely • Or to form significant floating masses • Ice confined to valleys • Thin enough to be confined by topography • Shapes the valley differently

  31. Ice as an erosion agent

  32. ‘NEW’ SOURCES OF FRESH WATER Things to do

  33. desalinization

  34. polar ice

  35. better handling of ‘waste’ water

  36. California’s rain • Storms mostly from gulf of Alaska

  37. Water projects

  38. Water Law – a mess • Riparian rights (state) • Appropriative rights (state) • Reclamation laws (federal) • Environmental laws (state and federal)

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