NEW IMPERIALISM: MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empires

1. NEW IMPERIALISM: MOTIVES AND TACTICSNineteenth-Century Empires SUPERQUIZ Section II – PART 4 13 questions – 32.5%

2. French Colonial Expansion • Noted advocate of French colonial expansion: French politician _____________ Born:________; died:________ • He served --as premier --_____ terms during the - --_______Republic • opposed by ____&_____ • Conservatives • Socialists Jules Ferry 1832 1893 2 3rd

3. The Speech National Assembly • Delivered before the ____________________in _____(mo.) of _____ (yr.) • directly combats the opponents of Ferry’s policies • states the (2) • economic and • political imperative of French expansion • argues for the ____________________of current French policies • ____________voices are also heard in this speech • They reveal the basis for _________________ sentiment at the time July 1883 moral justness Critics anticolonial

4. The Speech Itself - Act I: Jules Ferry1 embarrassment • Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assembly • assures the “Chamber” that it is as strenuous for him as the individual members • thinks it his __________to summarize and condense the arguments, principles, motives, and interests for the justification of colonial expansion • Ferry promises to remain ___________&reasonable in his argument • Major concern = _________________ interests • policy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __&__ sys. • economic • political duty moderate continental

5. The system of Colonial Expansion • can be related to three ideas • These ideas are “_________ideas, ideas of ____________ in its highest sense, and ideas of p______ and p____________” economic civilization politics patriotism

6. Job #1: the economic ideas industrial • 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS: • The _______________populations of Europe • The ___________________________France particularly feels the strain • France needs EXPORT MARKETS because • _____________treaties of ________have caused problems • Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries) • Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriers • The United States has recently made itself protectionist “in the most extreme sense” • Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods “rich and hard working” Free trade 1860

7. Yo, Passy! I do not mean “mean to treat [you] with any ___________” IRONY • Ferry speaks directly to • the _______________ • including _____________, • who is present for this speech • well-respected , ___________ economics • Ferry speaks against • this previous school of economics • _________________of France ________________of England • also known as _____________ economists Passy old school Jean Baptiste Say Adam Smith doctrinaires Jules Ferry

8. Say what, DOCTRINAIRES? “the true export markets are the ____________________which furnish and assure them” commercial treaties Jean Baptiste Say Adam Smith

9. COMMERCIAL TREATIES 1860 • Ferry believes that commercial treaties • WorkedAFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride • DIDN’T work after • “the development of science and • the speeding up of _______________________________________” • Competition in the______________market • from ________________ did not ruin French agriculture • No active competition from these 2 countries: • America • India • France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powers • ____________“became an industrial power” : _____ and _____ • It takes TWO to TANGO! • The _______________________refuses to make treaties • Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion communicaton GRAIN Odessa England Germany 1860 1883 United States

10. Point #2: “ideas of________________inthe highest sense” civilization • point deserves equal attention, but • Ferry hopes to accomplish it “as quickly as possible” • Ferry condemns the ideas of M. Camille ____________________ Pellatan

11. ‘‘What is this civilization which you impose with_________________? What is it but another form of ________________? Don’t these populations, these inferior races, have the same _______________as you? Aren’t they masters of their own houses? Have they called upon you? You come to them against their will, you offer them _______________, but not civilization.’’ cannonballs barbarism rights violence

12. Point #2: “ideas of________________inthe highest sense” civilization • Ferry condemns the ideas of M. Camille Pellatanas political ________________ • These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________ • The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea METAPHYSICS HISTORY Ah-ah! The FAR LEFT

13. “_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior races” SUPERIOR SUPERIOR • The FAR LEFT erupts! • M. Jules ___________ condemns Jules Ferry for his statement • France proclaimed the _______________________ MAIGNE RIGHTS OF MAN

14. On the FAR LEFT: M. De Guilloutet Ferry seeks to justify ___________ and the ________ trade slavery slave

15. The French have no right to impose commerce on the “blacks of equatorial Africa” if they are included in the ____________________ These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________ • \ Dec. of the Rights of Man commerce

16. THE DEBATE • M. Raoul Duval • states that _____________wishes to impose nothing upon these Africans • it is ____________who hopes to do so • M. Jules Maignedifferentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea • M. George Perinstates that, “in any case, you cannot bring about commerce by ________” FRANCE FERRY PRO IM force

17. SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES. DUTY • \ • The LEFT • The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions HOORAY!

18. Point #3 : “ideas of politics and patriotism” • Ferry borrows a “remarkably precise formulation” from distinguished writer M. Pelletan ‘‘It is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europe.’’ compensations

19. I don’t like the use of the term “______________.” I’ll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government “with all the force of [my] _______________” • \ • THE LEFT & THE CENTER compensation patriotism HOORAY!

20. Certain considerations …. • The current conditions of naval warfare have been altered • A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal • Without coal, a ship is dead in the water • France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas) • Saigon, • Tunisia, • the Mekong Delta, • and Madagascar • France also holds the Madagascar ports of • Diego-Suarez • Vohemar 14

21. Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they develop. The “peaceful shining forth of __________________” does not make countries great in this day and age. activities institutions • Global ______________ is increasing • Some European powers strengthen ___________ and navy in order to compete effectively • Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors • A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline competition military population isolation

22. I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________. France does not follow a policy of “______and _______” modesty economic reserve Bread butter

23. Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France. The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________ Republican economic Belgium The Swiss Republic

24. France must be both a _______country and a ____ country. As much as possible, France must influence the destiny of ________________. France has a duty to extend the French __________, __________, __________, ______, and __________ as much as possible. ____ free great Europe economic customs flag language arms genius

25. 2.11 SHORT ANSWER (pp. 47-49)Six score and seven years ago…. • 1. What “three orders of ideas” does Jules Ferry say that he will address? • economic ideas, • ideas of civilization in its highest sense, • and ideas of politics and patriotism

26. 2. According to Ferry what is French industry’s biggest need and why? • French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them, like • Germany and • the U.S.

27. 3. Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M. Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote. • Pelletan calls into question the “civilization” that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force, arguing that all humans have basic rights. • Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesn’t apply to all. • He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well.

28. 4. According to Ferry, why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia? • Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 days’ worth of coal, it was necessary to have provision stations, shelters, ports for defense and revictualling.

29. 2.12 EITHER/OR (pp. 47-49)Leno or Conan? ________ • 1. “Gentlemen, it (EXCITES, EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber, but I believe that the (DUTY, PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY, USELESS) one.” ___ _____

30. 2. “…that need, felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europe…the need for (IMPORT, EXPORT) markets. Is this some kind of (JOKE, CHIMERA)? Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING, PASSING) need, and, we could say, the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL) population?” ____ ____ ______ ______

31. 3. “Gentlemen, I must speaker from a (HIGHER, LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE, GROUND). It must be stated openly that, in effect, (SOME, SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS, ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES, PEOPLE).” ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

32. 4. “If the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS, MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa, then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE, RULE) upon them?” __ _______

33. ____ • 5. “I (REFUTE, REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT, ABILITY), because they have a duty. They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE, CIVILIZE) inferior races.” ____ ____

34. 6. “[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE, AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT, COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE, SWISS REPUBLIC).” ____ _______ _________

35. 7. “Something else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE, AVERAGE) country, that she must also be a (POWERFUL, GREAT) country, exercizing all her rightful (POWER, INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe, that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD, CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE, CULTURE), her customs, her (FLAG, BANNER), her arms, and her (LEGACY, GENIUS). __ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ ____

36. PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE • Section II • pp. 48-54

37. THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

38. “Projecting a Greater France” Martin Evans • Written by ___________________ • lecturer in French History at the University of ____________________ • In ________, he authored The Memory of Resistance: French Opposition to the __________ War : 19_____-19______ • as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century Portsmith 1997 54 62 Algerian Twentieth

39. The Colonial Exhibition: Preparations Lyautey 77 • Marshal Hubert _________ • ______years old in 1931 • born in ______ and died in ______ • served as the • architect of ___________ colonization • _____________ of Morocco for a long period of time • The French regarded Lyautey as a legend • The white moustache and *______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________ • Lyautey’srelentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself 1934 1854 Moroccan Governor en brosse The EPITOME of EMPIRE colonial hero *standing up like brush bristles

40. PURPOSES of the Exhibition hearts minds • To touch the ________&________of its visitors • to excite the popular imagination through its emphasis on the • wondrous, • the exotic, and • the curious • stressedthe _____________necessity of empire • The ___________________________of 1929 further reinforced this point • Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________ •  The empire functioned as a large ________________ economic Wall Street Crash Depression trading bloc

41. PROJECTING FRANCE’S MISSION • The Exhibition also needed to project France’s _________________mission within its empire • Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a battle of ___________against _____________ • The ___________fought against the ____________ • with progress poised against “reactionary ________________and religious ______________” •  France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire civilizing light darkness civilized UNcivilized feudalism bigotry model

42. ‘‘Our protection, you must understand, delivered millions of men, women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death. • Do not forget that before we came, on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker, a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little. • There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefs…how much work we have accomplished.” ~ Visitor’s Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition, 1931

43. French Gov’t: Skillful Marketing stamp • Released of _____________collection illustrating imperial scenes to coincide with the opening • New media such as the _______&___________ stimulated popular interest • French citizens disseminated • prints, • postcards, and • photographs of the Exhibition • Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a “tour of the world in ___________________” cinema broadcasting a single day

44. French Colonial Exposition of 1831

45. The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies • The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ • Bring _____________people into a global culture Third Greater France 110 million

46. The Exhibition Opened _________ May 6, 1931 50 • 1931 • ____thanniversary of Tunisia’s annexation • ____thanniversary of the invasion of Algeria • The _______________________ in ____________played host • Grounds covered ______hectares • Project prep took _____years • Crowds clapped and cheered as President _______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibition • A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the president • A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge 100 Bois de Vincennes Paris 100 4 Gaston Doumergue cavalry 100

48. The Grounds • Great Hall • triumphant __________ • gilded statue of France, depicting the country as a colonial genius • Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along • Tunisian marketplaces, • Moorish palaces, and • mud-brick fortresses arch