Midterm Review

1. Midterm Review

2. Midterm Review (1) Take out your Midterm Study Guide for an extra credit check (2) While I check your Study Guides, view the essay notes (back page) (3) On a piece of paper, begin outlining an explanation of transience in one of the novels we have read (1984, Lord of the Flies and Brave New World) (4) You must list specific examples and explain their connection to the concept of transience. (HINT: You should try to list AT LEAST 9 CONNECTIONS)

3. Essay Examples (YOU WILL NEED AT LEAST 9 SPECIFIC EX): • 1984: Winston – Initially, he is a selfish young child that causes his family to suffer and possibly even starve to death. However, Winston does not follow the Party’s way of life forever. As he ages, knowledge causes him to change. He… • LOTF: Ralph exemplifies transience through his struggle to serve as the boys’ leader. At first… • BNW: John the Savage displays a transient view of the World State. Initially, he believes… • Remember: • Transience – an impermanence that suggests the inevitability of ending or dying. • Hint: It can literally mean ending or dying or it can figuratively relate to a • change within a character, concept, relationship or place.

4. 1984 Review 25 Questions

5. 1984 Symbols 1. Winston = Rebellion 2. Proles = Complacency 3. O’Brien = Corruption 4. Constant Warfare =Nationalism 5. Telescreen =Fear 6. Ampleforth = Bureaucracy 7. Two Minutes Hate = Propaganda 8. Big Brother = Totalitarian Control 9. Syme = Intelligence 10. Parsons = Ignorance

6. George Orwell • Political satirist • Burmese police officer • Influenced by WWII, Hitler and Stalin • Spanish Civil War: • realized, “Absolute power corrupts absolutely.”

7. 1984 Plot Define the following terms: • Winston’s thought crime – “Down with Big Brother” • Winston’s job – rectify the past • Type of rebellion Winston wages - personal • Mr. Charrington – antique shop owner; Thought Police • Mr. Parsons – neighbor; ignorant; ‘named’ by daughter

8. 1984 Plot Define the following terms: • Party’s Actions (What did they do that terrified Winston?) • Changed the past • Literary Device (term) conveyed by ministries • Situational Irony (opposite of what you expect) • Purpose for isolation and constant war • Stable economy / nationalism without zealotry • Plot’s Conclusion (vague – be sure you understand it!) • Winston is executed (no martyrs)

9. Lord of the Flies 75 Questions

10. LOTF Symbols • Merridew = Totalitarian Government • Piggy = Logic and Reason • Roger = Sadism and Torture • Simon = Religion and Intuition • Ralph = Leadership • The Conch = Democracy • The Beast = Fear • The Island = Civilization • The Parachutist = Adult Turmoil • The Scar = Human’s Negative Impact

11. LOTF: Author’s Motive William Golding • Wealthy / privileged Influences: • WWII: D-Day, Bismark, Naval Commander • Children’s Tale: Coral Island • LOTF 1954 – Impact of War

12. LOTF: Plot Review Any Character Questions? EXAMPLE • Section #1 Characterization • Ralph: strong, initially fears confrontation, leader, thinks father will rescue them, learns the responsibility of control (guilt), begins to lose hope, uses brutality and intelligence to survive

13. LOTF: Allegory Section #2 Allegory • “The Sound of the Shell”: Allegorically (symbolically), the shell represents democracy and order. The boys gather, organize and listen based on ‘the sound of the shell’. • “Fire on the Mountain” = impulse • “Painted Faces and Long Hair” = savagery

14. LOTF: Plot Review Any questions for Section #3 Quotes? EXAMPLE • Section #3 Quote Explication • “a boxer as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went but there was a mildness about his mouth and eyes that proclaimed no devil.” • Quote describes Ralph; conveys his strength and sensitivity (both qualities needed by a leader) Any questions for Section #4 Main Events

15. LOTF: Plot Review “He laughed delightedly…and stood on his head… with bright, excited eyes.” " …out of this face stared two blue eyes, frustrated now, and turning, or ready to turn to anger.“ “… vivid little boy, with a glance coming up from under … straight hair that hung down, black and course.“ "a slight furtive boy whom no one knew… with an inner intensity of avoidance and secrecy“ Who is described as, “…uncomfortably on all fours yet unheeding his discomfort.”

16. LOTF: Plot Review "'You're no good on a job like this.'“ “He found for them fruit they could not reach... passed them back down to the endless, outstretched hands." “…his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling.“ “... so full of pride in his contribution to the good of society that …he helped to fetch wood." "surrounded by a fringe of inquisitive bright creatures, … a silver shape beneath the steadfast constellations…”

17. LOTF: Plot Review “I painted my face - - I stole up. Now you eat…” “…for all his ludicrous body, (he) had brains…” “…(His) desire to squeeze and hurt was over-mastering.” “The only trouble was he would never be a very good chess player.” “He says things like Piggy…”

19. BNW Symbols • John = Religion • Helmholtz = Intelligence • Lenina = Ignorance • Mond = Leadership • Bernard= Discontent

20. BNW: Author’s Motive Aldous Huxley • Family of scientists (evolution) Influences: • Blind for two years – yields main theme of vision • Mussolini • Ancient Greece, Buddhism, Science and Psychology • BNW 1930s – Impact of Capitalism, Consumerism, Communism

21. BNW: Plot Review Any question for Characterization and Content? EXAMPLES • Section #1 Characterization • D.H.C – Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning (aka Tomakin); impregnated Linda; John’s father; resigns in disgrace

22. BNW: Quotes - “Wheels must turn steadily but cannot turn unattended” • Mond – government must control • “Oh Brave New World” • John, allusion (tempest), changing view of World State • “I searched and I shouted but there was no sign of her.” • D.H.C – his version of Linda’s disappearance (shows sentiment) • “What do I care about his reputation…I think he is sweet.” • Lenina – agrees to date Bernard (real reason = savage reseravation)

23. BNW: Quotes • “Did you ever feel as though you has something inside you that was only waiting for you to give it a chance to come out.” • Helmholtz – creative; wants self-expression • “Oh, my dear, my dear. If you only knew how glad – after all these years a civilized face.” • Linda – her return to the World State • “ I ventured to think that your Fordship might find the matter of sufficient scientific interest.” • Bernard – trick to get Linda / John into World State (really wants revenge on D.H.C.)

24. Allegory - a symbolical narrative • Antagonist - The character or force that presents opposition • Alliteration - repetition of consonants at the beginning of words within the same sentence or phrase • Diction - author’s word choice; used to develop tone and mood • Dynamic Character - character that changes due to the action and events of the plot • Dramatic Irony - when the reader is aware of information that the character(s) does not know • Epic - poem that is a long narrative: told in an elevated style; focused on the exploits of a hero who represents cultural values • Elegy- poem that mourns the passing of an earlier better time • Imagery - "mental pictures" that readers experience with a passage of literature. • Kenning - typically two words that take the place of a common noun for poetic effect

25. Mood - The climate or feeling in a literary work. • Metaphor - a figure of speech that makes an implicit comparison • Protagonist - The main character in a drama or other literary work. • Situational Irony - the opposite of what is expected occurs • Simile - a figure of speech that makes a comparison using like or as • Satire - A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit. • Static Character - characters that do not change through the coarse of a story • Tone - the writer's attitude toward the material and/or readers. • Verbal Irony - sarcasm • Allusion - indirect reference to another work of literature within a text in order to develop characterization and plot.

26. Make review note cards for Literary Terms • Must complete by the end of the period • If you finish early, make note cards for symbols, quotes, etc. • You may also choose to continue making a review outline for your essay. • Order of Midterm: Fill-in the Blank, Essay, Scantron