The Civil War War in the West and Surrender Classnotes

1. The Civil WarWar in the West and Surrender Classnotes

2. Gettysburg: Day One • Lee crossed into Pennsylvania • Sent troops for supplies • Confederates encounter Union force outside Gettysburg • Small Union force led by Buford delayed a larger Confederate force by holding the high ground at Seminary Ridge Gettysburg battlefield: view from Culp’s Hill

3. Gettysburg: Day Three • Lee believed Union lines were still vulnerable • Ordered Pickett’s forces to attack center of Union lines • “Pickett’s Charge” resulted in over 6500 Confederate casualties Artist’s rendition of the battlefield during Pickett’s charge

4. Impact of Gettysburg • Confederates lost 28,000men (one-third of army) • Union lost 23,000 men(one-quarter of army) • Town overwhelmed by dead and wounded soldiers • Lee unable to rebuild army and retreats to Virginia • Turning point of the war A Confederate soldier lies dead at “Devil’s Den”

5. The Gettysburg Address • Lincoln invited to attend cemetery dedication • At the time, Lincoln’s two-minute speech was considered great. • He resolves that, “…these dead shall not have died in vain…” The only known picture of Lincoln (lower center) at the Gettysburg Cemetery dedication

6. Siege of Vicksburg • Key to total Union control of the Mississippi River • Several attempts by Grant to take the city failed • Grant lay siege to the city for two months • Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863 • The Mississippi is under Union control and the Confederacy is cut in half Union troops surround Vicksburg during the siege

7. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” • Grant ordered Sherman to break the South’s ability to make war • “Total War” – destroy food, equipment, homes, barns, railroad tracks • Captured Atlanta in September 1864 • Led the March to the Sea from Atlanta to Savannah • Took Savannah by Christmas 1864 Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman

8. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Lincoln addresses the crowd at his second inauguration. It is believed that John Wilkes Booth is the figure at top row center.

9. Election of 1864 • Lincoln sought reelection- refuses to compromise on ending slavery • Democrats nominated McClellan – wanted peace even if it meant allowing slavery • Union victories helped Republican campaign • Lincoln won by large margin A political cartoon shows Lincoln and Davis tearing a U.S. map while McClellan tries to intercede

10. The Fall of Richmond • Lee told Davis the capital was in danger • Davis ordered evacuation • Union forces took Richmond • Lincoln toured the city soon after The remains of buildings after the Union invasion, April 1865

11. Surrender at Appomattox • Lee realized his position was hopeless • Asked to meet with Grant • Met in Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865 • Generous surrender terms – officers may keep pistols and soldiers could keep horses An artist’s rendition of the meeting

12. Impact of the War: the Union • 111,000 Union and 93,000 Confederate soldiers killed in action • 250,000 Northerners and 165,000 Southerners killed by non-military causes (mostly disease) • Over 275,000 Union soldiers and 137,000 Confederate soldiers wounded • Estimated cost in today’s dollars: $20 billion Destruction in Atlanta after Sherman’s troops took the city Union dead at Gettysburg