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White Water Pre-Training

White Water Pre-Training. River Reading And Safety. Tom Miller 2 nd Orleans. Introduction. Introduction What is White Water? What to expect at White Water 1 River Reading Gear Procedures/ Signals Dangers Proper “Swimming” Technique. What is White Water?.

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White Water Pre-Training

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  1. White Water Pre-Training River Reading And Safety Tom Miller 2nd Orleans

  2. Introduction • Introduction • What is White Water? • What to expect at White Water 1 • River Reading • Gear • Procedures/ Signals • Dangers • Proper “Swimming” Technique

  3. What is White Water? It's what ever you want it to be!

  4. What is White Water? Fishing Swimming

  5. What is White Water? Rafting Surfing

  6. What is White Water? Kayaking KAYAKING

  7. What is White Water? Canoeing CANOEING

  8. What is White Water? PORTAGING

  9. What to expect at White Water 1 • White water is wet • Expect to be splashed, and to swim • White water is fun and exiting • White water is hard work • The more you put in the more you will get out of the weekend • White water can be dangerous • Make sure to listen to your instructors • Some dangers outlined later

  10. River Reading • What is river reading? • Knowing what is below the water • Why is it important? • No river is the same twice • Arrows pointing to same rock

  11. Basic Concepts • Volume / flow rate • Amount of water passing a point per unit time • Gradient / slope • How steep it is • Velocity • Speed and direction • Varies throughout river

  12. Why does white water happen? • Constrictions, white water occurs when water speeds up • Caused by a narrowing of banks, rocks, shallow bottom, increase in gradient • Called “white” because air bubbles form – less buoyant

  13. Sample River Flow

  14. River Features

  15. Obstacles • Simple eddy behind a rock • Increased water flow, water pours over rock, becomes a “pillow” • Smooth flowing over rock, shallow

  16. Obstacles (continued) • Water flow increases, riffles become “curling waves”, have white foaming tops • Further increase in volume and velocity, larger waves, continuously breaking, upstream direction

  17. Obstacles (conclusion) • Holes: flow continues to increase, curling waves create circulating water • Ledges: long structure extending over part of river, drops upwards from 2-3 inches, in the extreme a water fall • Recognized by straight line of foaming water

  18. Eddies and Eddy Lines • Water passes around rock and speeds up • Water behind the rock actually flows upstream • Line between the water flowing upstream and down stream – sharp near object • Also occur at river edge

  19. “GOOD” FEATURES • Eddies – play the river by eddy hopping, pause to scout/relax • Downstream “V”s - show deep water channel between obstacles, dark water tongue

  20. “GOOD” FEATURES (continued) • Haystacks – waves “bouncing” in regular pattern, deep and slow moving water, often at bottom of V’s

  21. Smiling and Frowning Holes • Frowning holes – tend to keep floating objects in centre • Smiling holes – easily wash out the sides

  22. River Features

  23. A Hole

  24. Gear • What will you need? • A boat • Coast guard regulations • Scout’s Canada regulations • Additional safety gear • Comfort gear

  25. Clothing and Equipment The well-dressed paddler!

  26. Signals • Paddle Signals • Stop, come, go left/right • Whistle Signals • One blast/three blasts • Hand Signals • OK, stop, go left/right Always point in the direction to go!

  27. River etiquette • Boat travelling downstream has right of way • Make room for boats in the eddy • When sitting in an eddy wait your turn • When sitting in an eddy take your turn • Basic low impact outdoor practises

  28. Dangers • There is no shame in walking around a rapid • Don’t run a rapid you feel uncomfortable with

  29. Dangers - Strainers • Allows water to pass through but not objects • Fallen trees, wire fences etc AVOID!

  30. Dangers – Foot Entrapment • Foot becomes wedged between rocks • Force of water knocks swimmer over; prevents him from getting up DON’T WALK IN MOVING WATER THAT IS MORE THAN KNEE DEEP!

  31. DANGERS – BIG HOLES • Water pouring over edge re-circulates, holds objects • Man-made objects particularly dangerous • “Maytagging” • Try to swim out AVOID!

  32. Dangers – Canoe Wraps/Pins • Canoe full of water is equivalent to a small truck • Can be crushed by pressure of water When swimming rapids, stay well to the side of canoe!

  33. Any other dangers?

  34. Proper Swimming Technique • FEET DOWN STREAM • BUM UP • FEET UP – fend off rocks • SCULL with hands • DON’T STAND UP until the water is less than knee deep

  35. Throw Bag Swimming • Stay in the “swimming” position • Hold rope to your chest • Rope over the shoulder AWAY from the shore

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