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Spanish Exploration

Unit 3 Cornell Notes. Spanish Exploration Main Idea : Spain desired to establish an empire in the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s. Explorers began to map out the region and tales of gold, gems, and minerals lured the Spanish into Texas. Explorer: Columbus (1492).

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Spanish Exploration

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  1. Unit 3 Cornell Notes Spanish Exploration Main Idea: Spain desired to establish an empire in the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s. Explorers began to map out the region and tales of gold, gems, and minerals lured the Spanish into Texas.

  2. Explorer: Columbus (1492) Year He Discovered the West Indies Known forWest Indies/Hispanola Why in Texas?He wasn’t!!! Impact ofFailure – he didn’t discover a fasterExpedition route to India Success – he opened up the “New World” to Europe Impact Started Spanish exploration on Texas in North America (Texas)

  3. Columbus & The New World Columbus sailed the Atlantic Ocean blue in 1492; he was Italian, sailing for Spain. He sailed west to get to the east. He didn’t find riches, but did find raw materials (products and goods) to send back to Europe; and brought goods from Europe to the natives – the Columbian Exchange.

  4. Columbus & The New World • All 4 of his trips gave Spain claim to land in the Western Hemisphere. • Result? The Spanish established an empire called New Spain consisting of most of South America, many Caribbean islands, Mexico, Central America, and part of the present-day United States. • New Spain using conquistadores and friars to conquer natives.

  5. Three G’s!!! • Reasons for Exploration: 3 G’s (1) Gold – riches in New World; Spanish wanted to increase global wealth (2) Glory – men could become wealthy and famous; expand nation’s power (3) God – Catholic Church to convert natives and increase wealth of church

  6. Conquistadores Conquistadores (Spanish soldiers), sought riches and power for themselves, and wealth and glory for Spain. Hundreds of Conquistadores were able to conquer thousands of natives. HOW?4 Ways…

  7. Conquistadores Superior weapons: Guns Cannons Metal Swords The Spanish had horses. Some natives believed the Spaniards were gods. Disease: The natives had a weaker immune system. Measles, mumps, flu, or just a regular cold could make the natives very ill. Result? Thousands died and their empires rapidly declined and grew smaller.

  8. Friars & Missions Friars were Catholic priests who helped Spain gain a foothold in the Americas. They wanted to convert or turn the natives to Roman Catholics. Most natives were polytheistic—believing in many gods. To become Catholic, natives would have to change their religious beliefs and become monotheistic—believing in one god. The Spanish Friars also built missions (religious settlements); natives were invited to live there to learn the Christian and Spanish culture.

  9. Explorer: Cortes (1521) Year He Conquered the Aztecs Known forMexico/Aztecs Why in Texas?He wasn’t!!! BUT his purpose for exploring was to get GOLD, GLORY and GOD for Spain Impact ofSuccess - conquered the Aztecs and became Expedition the first “governor” of New Spain (Mexico) Impact Inspired others to explore more on Texas territory in North America

  10. Famous Spanish Explorers Cortes – conquered the wealthy Aztecs and their emperor Moctezuma from 1519-1522; renamed the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan to MexicoCity Pineda – first European to explore and map the Texas coast in 1519

  11. Famous Spanish Explorers Cabeza de Vaca– survived Narvaez shipwreck in Galveston in 1527 and became the first European to enter Texas; he lived with the Karankawas for 6 years from 1528-1534; later journeyed west toward Mexico and recorded stories of his travels seeing buffalo and fertile land; and possible gold and riches. Estevanico – survivor with de Vaca; first black man to enter Texas; studied geography of Texas and later became a guide for Spanish explorers

  12. Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca (1528-1536) Years he was stranded in North America Known forSHIPWRECK Why in Texas?It was an accident… shipwrecked near Galveston; leader Narvaez was killed) Impact ofFailure – no GOLD, no GLORY… but he did… Expeditionmeet the Karwankawas, Texas’ 1st explorer, 1st surgeon, 1st author with Relacion Impact on TexasTold tales of cities of gold – led to more exploration

  13. Famous Spanish Explorers Fray Marcos – Catholic priest sent by viceroy (governor) Mendoza in 1535 to establish peace with Indians; reported seeing the 7 cities of gold in Cibola (which was actually a pueblo, or series of adobe houses) Coronado – 1540-1542; led largest expedition of troops in search of seven cities; claimed Wichita land for the King of Spain and killed native Pawnee guide Turk after failing to find another city of riches, Quivira. Cardenas – 1542; discovered the Grand Canyon (as part of Coronado expedition)

  14. Years he explored the Great Plains Known forPANHANDLE Why in Texas?Looking for the 7 cities of GOLD Quiviera & Cibola) Impact ofFailure – No gold, no settlements Expeditioncrossed the “Sea of Grass” (TX Panhandle) Impact on TexasTold about buffalo, villages, TX LAND in the Panhandle Explorer: Coronado (1540-1542)

  15. Famous Spanish Explorers Moscoso – took over the DeSoto (who discovered the Mississippi River) expedition and mapped east Texas in 1542; explored the Brazos River but returned to Mexico after failing to find gold Onate – 1601; mapped Texas Panhandle and New Mexico

  16. Hernan de Soto Explorer: Moscoso (1542-1543) Years he was in charge of the expedition Known forEAST TX Why in Texas?Hernan de Soto was looking for GOLD, when he died, Moscoso took over and took the expedition to East TX Impact ofFailure – no goldExpedition Impact on 1st European in East TXTexas

  17. The First Spanish Colony in Texas In 1609, a group of Spaniards set up a permanent colony on the upper waters of the Rio Grande; they named it NewMexico and established the capital of Santa Fe.

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