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Reference Referral: Public Library Humanities Questions in California’s Reference Network

Reference Referral: Public Library Humanities Questions in California’s Reference Network. 組員: 499040336 高郁雯 499040116 郭 珮涵 499040154 陳品蓉 499040398 陳玟伶 499040221 林蔚珊 499040075 施可卿 499040441 徐培馨. 加州公共圖書館的參考網路 所面臨關於人文學科方面的問題.

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Reference Referral: Public Library Humanities Questions in California’s Reference Network

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  1. Reference Referral:Public Library Humanities Questions in California’s Reference Network 組員: 499040336 高郁雯 499040116 郭珮涵 499040154 陳品蓉 499040398 陳玟伶 499040221 林蔚珊 499040075 施可卿 499040441 徐培馨 加州公共圖書館的參考網路 所面臨關於人文學科方面的問題

  2. THE CLIENTELE, THEIR QUESTIONS, THE REFERRAL PROCESS 讀者及其問題與參考轉介過程

  3. Patrons come to the public library with an impressive range of questions in the humanities. 公共圖書館的讀者,提出了許多關於人文學,並且令人印象深刻的問題。 • 舉例說明

  4. Bay Area Library and Information System (BALIS)海灣地區圖書交流服務機構 • Reference referral began in California with the Bay Area Reference Center, funded by a Library Services and Construction Act grant to the San Francisco Public Library from the California State Library in 1967. 參考轉介開始於1967年加州海灣地區的參考中心,是由加利福尼亞洲洲立圖書館的舊金山公共圖書館授予的 圖書館服務與建築法案 所贊助的。

  5. 地方圖書館 Local libraries (first-level) 當地公共圖書館將參考問題提交到BALIS 海灣地區圖書交流服務機構 Bay Area Library and Information System (second-level) 簡稱BALIS BALIS再將無法解決的問題轉介到SCAN The State of California Answering Network 簡稱SCAN

  6. Public library patrons ask a wide diversity of questions. They are experts and novices, adults and children. 讀者本身條件的不同,讀者所提出的人文問題範圍相當廣泛。有些讀者為專家學者有些則是初學者;當中有成人也有兒童。 • Their humanities questions reflect a wide variety of interests and levels of expertise. 詢問的問題反映提問者多樣的興趣以及本身的專業知識程度。

  7. Librarians at SCAN specialize by broad subject areas, to become more proficient in resources in those areas 基本上參考中心的館員趨向於為各科的通才,而SCAN的館員則專攻廣泛領域的學科,使自己能夠更加熟悉精通這些領域的資源。 • BALLS sponsored a Spanish language project to identify Spanish language resources, purchase materials, and provide second-level reference in Spanish. BALIS發起了一個關於西班牙語文的計畫,為了識別西班牙文資源、購買工具以及提供西班牙第二層級的參考服務。

  8. Libraries fax or send forms through system delivery to BALIS. 讀者的參考問題會利用傳真或寄送填寫的表格到BALIS。 • Reference center librarians do not work directly with this varied clientele. 參考服務中心的館員並不會直接和讀者面對面接觸。

  9. RESERCH IN THE HUMANITIES研究人文學

  10. 重點: 1.在人文學中尋找資訊是深具挑戰性的 2.在人文研究中,我們很少能找到一個答案去回答所有的問題

  11. 重點: 3.參考資源中心提供當地圖書館的主要優勢,是更多的收藏和時間去追求資訊 4. 最好的資源需要時間來尋找,通過參考和流動的館藏,確認參考書目,線上目錄,並等待館際互借 舉例說明: 館員尋找Van Gogh當時使用手槍自殺後缺少治療的原因。 同樣的問題引起了Van Gagh的傳記作者之一,David Sweetman的好奇心。他解釋說當時的外科手術技術移除子彈是達不到的,即使二十五年後,在第一次世界大戰時醫生認為最好將梵谷體內的子彈碎片移除。

  12. 重點 5. 有時,我們的讀者期望有哪些資訊是有用的。如果我的讀者想知道是誰殺了他的曾祖父Omar Mojaddadi那我可以提供講述阿富汗歷史的書,也可以提供建議去尋找答案,但我不能回答他的問題。 6. 這些問題都需要透過搜尋去獲得,但我們也可以在標準參考書中找到答案。

  13. 舉例說明: 讀者詢問有關Tom Coffin,Exploration of the valley of the Amazons提供了很好的具體來源。書中提到“在一個漫長而嚴峻的天氣中Tom Coffin在尋找某個人”但它並沒有指出天氣Tom是虛構人物還是真有其人,在意義不明確的情況下我們必須透過不同種類的資源查尋。

  14. 重點 7. 在人文學中遇到意義不明確時,透過不同類型的資源搜索的情況並不少見。 舉例說明: 在這個情況下我們很幸運的,在The New Century Cyclopedia of Names這本書中知道Tom Coffin是一個在James Fenimore Cooper小說中的角色。

  15. 重點: 8. 通過不同類型的資源追求一個答案是必要的。 舉例說明: 尋找Constentia的傳記資訊,包括用她的名字命名的城鎮。 我從歷史百科全書、參考書、康斯坦丁的傳記、地方志、古典地區、羅馬帝王的歷史,以及古代女子的歷史去尋找。我用了許多如此的資源去嘗試確認Eugoa這個城鎮和引用Lempriere’s Classical Dictionary,以及作品描述字典的歷史書目。 當我用盡了我的資源,我回過頭來使用SCAN,館員檢查初1792年版的字典和1835的所有版本的補充收集。得出的結論是,沒有簡單的答案。

  16. 重點 9. 第二層次的研究是費時,因為我們提供讀者答案,而不是來源。 舉例說明 我認為找到俄羅斯的權利宣言的英文翻譯將是簡單的:我從書中的引文找到合適的標題,我可以從The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History這本書中尋求很好的說明和部分字詞還有從The Bolshevik Revolution這本完美的參考書籍中得到檔案和資料。 因為自主權是隱藏在宣言的索引之下,並根據不同的標題。需要分析材料,使第二個層次的參考諮詢工作既有挑戰性和令人滿意。 因為我有日期,說明和足夠的時間和資訊,我成功地找到了聲明。

  17. 重點: 10.不嚴密的知識使我們尋找人文參考資源時變得複雜。 舉例說明: 多年前,讀者不確定"Coward, take this coward's hand"其句子是一部影片中的台詞,或是詩的詞句。 圖書館員在尋找此問題上展現了他們的能力,透過書收集詩歌,在第一次確認所有關於這一句子之索引詩後,她在 "Poems of War Resistance."中發現了Eve Merriam的 "The Coward"。使得這個問題變簡單,因為該行是在詩的最後,所以在Last Lines; an Index to the Last Lines of Poetry.中找到紀錄。

  18. 重點: 11.我們不知道如果他們是詩歌、散文或歌曲時,它仍然是難以識別句子,特別是如果他們在內容中嵌入。這時候,我們可能會嘗試其他資源。 12.那些對於句子或書的章節只有模糊的印象,以及對於有缺漏的訊息所產生的問題,都不能有條理的搜索。

  19. 重點: 13.參考中心持續地將問題的答案歸檔,因為有些問題反覆的被詢問,但目前還沒有很好地將索引電腦化,所以參考中心按照常規透過網路傳真請求幫助和文件檢查。 舉例說明: 現在,我們可以透過在網路上的“Stumpers”訪問難以捉摸查詢的電子化信息。集體的記憶和參考檔案是豐富的資源,還有館員是有要求時最能有回應的幫助。

  20. 重點: 14.但在某些問題上,除了能夠詢問知情的人,沒有別的替代方案。 舉例說明: 我們常常認同懂得學科專業知識的同事和另一些人。 館員在亞洲位於奧克蘭公共圖書館科的一本名著翻譯成中文,此翻譯回答了我們"I Have a Dream."和"The hammer, the hammer, rang through Jerusalem's streets."這兩句話,是出現在聖經七啟示James Weldon Johnson's God's Trombones.章節中"The Crucifixion"的中間。 如果我們沒有發現此專家,我們將嘗試用特殊的集合或組織。

  21. 重點: 15.有時,我們認同學者能夠提供決定性的答案。 舉例說明: 我不能找出第二次世界大戰的秘密刊物Z Otchlani的英譯,但我想它有可能存在。讀者提供了一個好資源:註腳,指出CzeslawMilose的詩’’Campo die Fion’’首次被出版於名詩選集。 Milose先生回覆了我的信,他說並沒有英譯版本,但原始稿放在他在耶魯大學的檔案館。

  22. 重點: 16.有時候,我們透過接觸專家來證明資訊。 舉例說明: 在The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music書中一項目指出ScrittiPolitti樂團的名稱在義大利文的意思為「政治著述」,但義大利的教授並不同意,且樂團所屬公司表示樂團名稱沒有代表任何涵義!

  23. 重點: 17.除了圖書館收藏以及專業BALIS(原文傳遞中心)透過線上資料庫取出資源之外,那些當地圖書館不提供服務的問題,需要透過線上搜尋得到解答。 18.有些研究提供內容提要,而其他提供答案。

  24. 舉例說明: 如讀者對於林肯口袋的內容物感到好奇,一個線上研究從報紙全文找到1988.4.12 Chicago Tribune的文章,其作者推測林肯的口袋有:眼鏡、手帕、新聞剪報、小摺刀,以及一份聯合法案。告訴我們林肯是怎樣的一個人。

  25. 結語: 我們在二級人文學科研究所使用的資源,就是這些:資料庫、參考文件、圖書館收藏、組織、特別蒐集和專家。

  26. SEARCH FOR A LETTER BY ALEX HALEY Some questions require the use of many resources; a request for a letter by Alex Haley was one.

  27. SEARCH FOR A LETTER BY ALEX HALEY 1、原因 The patron knew of an exchange of letters in the New York Times in which a reader attacked Roots(根) and debunked black genealogy(黑人家譜). 2、目的 Haley responded with an eloquent defense. The patron wanted Haley‘s letter to use in Kwanza celebrations(安哥拉的慶典).

  28. THE PATRON’S STRATEGY 1. check of the Times index (時代雜誌的索引) (1)There are entries under black history,television and books. But the whole Haley's story is not laid out in one tidy page. (2) Online indexes are superior tools, but don't answer all our questions. (3)Access here probably would not have helped, since I didn't have any unusual terms, or money or time enough to bring up and read everything related to Alex Haley.

  29. THE PATRON’S STRATEGY 2. digging around in a printed index (書面索引) (1)He find that letters were indexed,and disappointed not to find any by Haley. (2)I was also frustrated by a problem not unusual in humanities(人文科學) questions: not knowing the time frame.

  30. SEARCH ANSWER’S DIRECTION 1. 時間問題 Assuming it must have been around 1976 or 1977, the book and television program dates, he concentrated on those years. 2. 表達資料的方式 (1)I did not assume Haley‘s response was necessarilya letter. (2)He might have responded on the op-ed page or elsewhere. 3. 書面記錄 The New York Times, however, obviously overwhelmed by calls for everything from the weather to pictures of somebody's Aunt Tillie from the 1940s, has taken refuge behind an answering recording which refers you to information sources such as their index.

  31. PROBABLY PROBLEMS 1.Is the patron sure it was the Times? 2. Can they tell us any more, such as the kinds of issues Haley addressed? 3. Other hints? 4. Might it be one of the citations I have suggested? REASONS 1. Getting misinformation the first time around is not unusual. 2. Patrons, reluctant to alarm us with specific information, often hide behind generalities.

  32. EXCERPT 1. 轉機 Learning of the auction connection gave me another approach. 2. 採取的行動 He decided to try Nashville(田納西州首府), where a librarian at the Tennessean(田納西州) newspaper checked her files for Haley references.

  33. 3. 獲得的資訊 (1)The name of the auctioneer. (2)He was surprised that the telephone number provided by directory assistance was his home phone. 4. 交流 He had a nice chat with the auctioneer, who saw all the items auctioned and did not recognize what our patron described.

  34. 5. 獲得的意見 The auctioneer had suggestions. (1)Some items had gone to the New York Public Library's Schomburg collection. (2)Special collections at the University of Tennessee. (3)He also suggested a reporter at the Village Voice who is writing a book on Haley. *Schomburg彙集是指黑人在歷史、文明、藝術和文化的所有方面的卓越知識。

  35. 6. 心得 (1) It is always interesting and sometimes frustrating to contact experts and special collections. (2) He is convinced the rules of networking include screwing up your courage and trying anybody, at almost anytime. (3) Try as we do, we don't find everything, but serendipity or old inquiries might turn this up eventually.

  36. 7. 結果 Sadly enough, despite all my good leads, I still don't have the Haley letter. *p.s REFERENCE Roberts, Kay "BARC: A Brief History of California's First Statewide Reference Center," Wilson Library Bulletin, January, 1990, pp. 32-35

  37. THE END謝謝聆聽

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