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Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water

Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water. B. Wirth a,b , J. Mumme a , B. Erlach b a ) Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, APECS Junior Research Group b ) Technische Universität Berlin, Institute for Energy Engineering. Supported by. The APECS Concept. Introducing APECS.

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Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water

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  1. Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water B. Wirtha,b, J. Mummea, B. Erlachb a) Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, APECS Junior Research Group b) Technische Universität Berlin, Institute for Energy Engineering Supported by

  2. The APECS Concept Introducing APECS Anaerobic Pathways to Renewable Energies and Carbon Sinks Member of IBI Junior research group focusing on the combination of anaerobic digestion (AD) and carbonization technologies 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 2

  3. Aim of this Study Investigation of anaerobic digestion as a treatment for waste water from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC): • General feasibility • Process performance • COD (chemical oxygen demand) and TOC (total organic carbon) removal efficiency • Comparison of two reactor types • Economic impact on an industrial-scale HTC plant 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 3

  4. State-of-the-Art IHydrothermal Carbonization • Products of HTC: • Solid phase – hydrochar • Gaseous phase – 90 % CO2 • Liquid phase • HTC liquor: • Contains volatile fatty acids, phenols, sugars, etc. • Contains up to 20 % of initial carbon • Needs treatment before released to the environment -> An anaerobic treatment of waste water yields methane and can gain further energy! 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 4

  5. Flow Diagram of Anaerobic Digestion State-of-the-Art IIAnaerobic Digestion 4 major steps Hydrolysis is the speed-limiting step AD of HTC liquor should be dominated by immediate methanogenesis 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 5

  6. Biofilm Carriers Materials & Methods IExperimental Set-Up Experimental Set-up @ ATB 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 6

  7. Materials & Methods IISubstrate Properties and Reactor Operation • HTC liquor • HTC of corn silage • 220 °C – 6 hrs • Reactor operation • 37 °C – mesophilic • Daily feeding of HTC liquor • Organic loading rate (OLR) of 1 gCOD L-1 d-1 • Weekly removal of (liquid) digestate • 13 weeks continuous operation • Monitoring of pH, reactor temperature, gas production rate, and gas composition • Regular analysis of the chemical properties of the digestate 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 7

  8. Experimental ResultsGas Production during Continuous Operation Methane fraction: 50-65 % Methane yield: ~ 0.25 L gCOD-1 and ~ 0.65 L gTOC-1 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 8

  9. Experimental ResultsCOD and TOC Removal Efficiency Maximum COD removal as high as 80 % TOC removal always ~ 20 percentage points lower 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 9

  10. Economic AssessmentBasic Parameters • Based on previous HTC plant design (Erlach et al., 2010) and previous economic assessment (Wirth et al., 2011) • HTC of SRF wood chips and municipal organic waste • 11.15 MWHHV biomass input @ 7000 h a-1 • Amounts of waste water and demand of natural gas (for raising steam for the HTC process) extracted as referring values 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 10

  11. Economic AssessmentResults 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 11

  12. Conclusions HTC liquor can be treated anaerobically Methane yield of up to 0.65 L gTOC-1 COD removal as high as 80 % AF was more stable compared to the CSTR Lasting inhibition by process intermediates was not observed Further experiments (higher OLRs, thermophilic conditions, etc.) are in preparation 60-75 % of natural gas could be replaced at 80 % COD degradation Higher OLRs increase economics Savings for the aerobic treatment may further improve economics 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 12

  13. Thank you for your attention! 8/1/2012 Wirth et al. – Anaerobic Treatment of HTC Waste Water 13

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