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Chapter 18

Chapter 18. Taxonomy. How many new species are discovered each year?. Thousands !!!. 18.1 History of Taxonomy. Taxonomy defined Science of grouping organisms based on presumed natural relationships Can be applied to multiple disciplines. When, Who, How. 2000 years ago Aristotle

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 Taxonomy

  2. How many new species are discovered each year? Thousands !!!

  3. 18.1 History of Taxonomy • Taxonomy defined • Science of grouping organisms based on presumed natural relationships • Can be applied to multiple disciplines

  4. When, Who, How • 2000 years ago • Aristotle • Where they lived • Water • Land • Air • Stem differences • 1 AD • Problems?

  5. Common Names • Every day names given to organisms • Problems?

  6. Carolus Linnaeus • Swedish naturalist • 1707 – 1778 • Developed system of grouping organisms based on hierarchical categories • Used morphology • Not phylogeny

  7. Linnaeus’s Hierarchy

  8. Your Classification • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Subphylum Vertebrata • Class Mammalia • Order Primates • Family Hominidae • Genus Homo • Species sapiens

  9. Binomial Nomenclature • 2 name name given to each organism • Includes genus and species • Species name is its identifier • Underline/italicize both • Capitalize genus • Ex: Mus musculus • Scientifically names each organism • Based on Latin language

  10. Additional Key Terms • Division • Used instead of phylum for plants • Subspecies • Morphologically different • geographically separated • Variety • Morphologically different • Not geographically separated • Strain • Biochemically different group within a species • Represented by letters or numbers

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