Safety : Scaffolds

1. Safety : Scaffolds Introduction to Industrial Technology Spring 2014 Mr. Shubert

2. Scaffolds OSHA Office of Training & Education

3. What Is A Scaffold? An elevated, temporary work platform Three basic types: • Supported scaffolds -- platforms supported by rigid, load bearing members, such as poles, legs, frames, & outriggers • Suspended scaffolds -- platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid, overhead support • Aerial Lifts -- such as “cherry pickers” or “boom trucks” OSHA Office of Training & Education

4. Hazards Employees working on scaffolds are exposed to these hazards: • Falls from elevation – caused by slipping, unsafe access, and the lack of fall protection • Struck by falling tools / debris • Electrocution – from overhead power lines • Scaffold collapse - caused by instability or overloading • Bad planking giving way OSHA Office of Training & Education

5. Fall Hazards Falls may occur: • While climbing on or off the scaffold • Working on unguarded scaffold platforms • When scaffold platforms or planks fail OSHA Office of Training & Education

6. Protecting Workers from Falls If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet, protect them by: • Guardrails, and/or • Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS) OSHA Office of Training & Education

7. Guardrails Install along open sides & ends Front edge of platforms not more than 14 inches from the work, unless using guardrails and/or PFAS Top rails - 38 to 45 inches tall Midrails halfway between toprail and platform Toeboards at least 3-1/2 inches high OSHA Office of Training & Education

8. Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS) You must be trained how to properly use PFAS PFAS include anchorage, lifeline and body harness. OSHA Office of Training & Education

9. Falling Object Protection • Wear hardhats • Barricade area below scaffold to forbid entry into that area • Use panels or screens if material is stacked higher than the toeboard • Build a canopy or erect a net below the scaffold that will contain or deflect falling objects OSHA Office of Training & Education

10. Essential Elements of Safe Scaffold Construction • Use appropriate • scaffold construction • methods • Proper scaffold access • Properly use a • competent person OSHA Office of Training & Education

11. Platform Ends Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks, must extend over its support by at least 6 inches No Cleats OSHA Office of Training & Education

12. Supported Scaffolds Platforms supported by legs, outrigger beams, brackets, poles, uprights, posts, & frames Restrain from tipping by guys, ties, or braces Scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills or other firm foundation This support is not adequate! OSHA Office of Training & Education

13. Fatal Fact – Moving a Lift Employee was operating an aerial lift, with an extendable boom rotating work platform The boom was fully extended and the machine apparently ran over some bricks, causing the boom to flex or spring, throwing the employee from the basket The employee fell 37 feet to a concrete surface OSHA Office of Training & Education

14. Don’t use Shore or Lean-to Scaffolds Lean-to scaffold supported scaffold which is kept erect by tilting it toward and resting it against a building or structure Shore scaffold supported scaffold which is placed against a building or structure and held in place with props OSHA Office of Training & Education

15. Fatal Fact – Ice & No Guardrails Laborer was working on the third level of a tubular welded frame scaffold which was covered with ice and snow The scaffold was not fully decked, there was no guardrail and no access ladder The worker slipped and fell head first 20 feet to the pavement below OSHA Office of Training & Education

16. Overhand Bricklayingfrom Supported Scaffolds A guardrail or personal fall arrest system is required on all sides except the side where the work is being done OSHA Office of Training & Education

17. Competent Person Person capable of identifying and promptly correcting hazards Determines if it’s safe to work on a scaffold during storms or high winds Trains workers to recognize hazards Selects qualified workers to conduct work OSHA Office of Training & Education

18. Training Requirements Train employees on scaffold hazards and procedures to control the hazards The training must include: • Nature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazards • How to deal with electrical hazards and fall protection systems • Proper use of the scaffold • Scaffold load capacities Retrain as necessary OSHA Office of Training & Education

19. Falls from elevation Bad planking Scaffold collapse Getting struck by falling tools or debris Electrocution Avoid the Main Hazards of Scaffolds OSHA Office of Training & Education

20. Summary Remember to: • Use appropriate scaffold construction methods • Erect, move, or alter scaffold properly • Protect from falling objects or tools • Ensure stable access • Use a competent person • Train on scaffold construction and the hazards involved with scaffolds • Inspect scaffold before each shift and after alterations • Determine fall protection requirements OSHA Office of Training & Education