Report from the US Collaboration Panel Rik Wanninkhof NOAA/AOML, Miami

1. Report from the US Collaboration Panel Rik Wanninkhof NOAA/AOML, Miami [For the 4th time] On behalf of Richard Feely,Associated US representative SSC • USA- Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program • Program highlights for 2008 Repeat Hydrography Ocean Observatories Coastal Ocean SO Gas Exchange • Future directions: • 2nd US CarbonCycle Science Plan • Ecosystem impacts • Carbon Management

2. OCB: Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program OCB Mission:To establish the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental change, through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems Benway and Doney

3. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF OCB? To promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners OCCC Ocean Carbon & Climate Change NACP North American Carbon Program SOLAS Surface-Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study IMBER Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecology Benway and Doney

4. OCB OVERARCHING SCIENTIFIC THEMES • Improve understanding and prediction of: • 1) Oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases; • 2) Climate sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles and interactions with ecosystem structure Benway and Doney

5. CURRENT OCB RESEARCH PRIORITIES • Ocean acidification • Terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges • Climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles • Mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions • Benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles • Ocean carbon uptake and storage Annual meetings: July, Woods Hole Scoping workshops: Ocean acidification, Gulf of Mexico, Ocean Time series, Southern Ocean Benway and Doney

6. US CLIVAR CO2 Repeat Hydrography http://ushydro.ucsd.edu/ • Joint funding from NSF and NOAA with different funding mechanisms • Of Note: • - 5-year Renewal to NSF in place • - 2009- Indian Ocean • Further collaborations with EU in Atlantic • Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Panel (GO-SHIP) I5: March-May, 2009 I7N: August-Sept, 2009 SO Gas Ex, Feb 2008

7. Decadal Changes in Canthro E-MLR along density, Atlantic A16 Estimates of ocean inventory changes in anthropogenic carbon (mol C m-2yr-1) over the last decade. (0.5 mol C m-2yr-1 ≈ 2 Pg C) Atlantic (25°W) Pacific (152°W) Indian (80˚E) Northern Hemisphere 0.63 0.25 0.4* Southern Hemisphere 0.75 0.41 0.5* b *preliminary, Takahashi (

8. Ocean Observatories Initiative Coastal Global Regional Cyberinfrastructure • Science • Long time-series across multiple spatial scales • Investigate short-term episodic events • Multi-disciplinary approach to study complex natural systems and non-linear processes • Complex models for analysis and prediction Technology • Expanded power and bandwidth to the seafloor • Interactive capabilities • Integrated components • Reconfigurable network components • New way to provide access to the ocean for education/public awareness Modified from S. Walker (NSF)

9. US Coastal Observations A comprehensive sustained observing strategy to quantify Coastal CO2 dynamics and impacts: -Call for study of Gulf of Mexico (GOM) -Ocean Acidification impacts in Eastern boundary upwelling systems Aragonite undersaturation along the West Coast of US (Feely et al. 2008)

10. Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Study A comprehensive study of factors and parameters affecting surface concentrations and gas transfer in the Southern Ocean Initial results suggest gas transfer velocities in accord with modified 14C inventory of Sweeney et al. (2007) Ho et al.

11. Future (1) A second US Carbon Cycle Science Plan Rationale: A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan (Sarmiento and Wofsy, 1999) is 10 years old. It is time to take a fresh look at the scientific questions and priorities detailed in that report. The carbon cycle science working group will be responsible for developing an updated, revised, or new science plan for U.S.carbon cycle science, identifying challenges and priorities for the next decade (~2010-2020) and involving the broader community. Co-leaders Michalak, Anna M. - University of Michigan Jackson, Robert B. - Duke University Marland, Gregg - Oak Ridge National Lab. Sabine, Chris L. - NOAA/PMEL Most influential input into the Carbon Cycle chapter of the 2003 Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program. (CCSP) is now working on a minor update of its 2003 Strategic Plan and a major revision in 2009. CCSP leaders have asked the Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group (CCIWG) to identify by January 2009 the "building blocks" it will use to develop its contribution to the revised strategic plan.

12. Future (2) • An increasing focus on impacts (rather) than sole focus on perturbations: • Impact of increasing CO2 on oceanic ecosystems Corals • Impacts on higher trophic levels and geochemical cycles by stress to calcifiers • Impacts of climate change and human perturbations on oceanic carbon cycle • Water cycle (and ocean circulation) • Temp. increase • Perturbation originating from land (Agricultural practices) • Multi-stressor impacts on oceanic carbon cycle

13. Future (3) • Carbon Management and Mitigation Strategies • “Top Down Requests” with questions such as: • “Is it possible to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide by storing it in another part of the Earth system?” • “How will the carbon cycle adjust in response to possible human interventions to manage it?” A US National Climate Service • Draft legislation from the House and the Senate call for NOAA to establish a National Climate Service: • HR XXX [BOUCHER and DINGELL] Climate Change Bill, Oct. 7, 2008: • S. 2307 [KERRY] Title II National Climate Service, May 22, 2008 • Ocean Acidification Research • National academy panel to report direction of OA research (Spring 2009)