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GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products

GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products. Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005. Outline. GOES vs. POES GOES Satellite and Sensors Orbit Image Scheduling Channels and Products (Imager and Sounder) POES Orbit Image Availability Channels and Products.

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GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products

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  1. GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

  2. Outline GOES vs. POES GOES Satellite and Sensors Orbit Image Scheduling Channels and Products (Imager and Sounder) POES Orbit Image Availability Channels and Products

  3. Why do you need to know this? • Let you know what resources are available currently or what resources will be available in the future • Help you understand key features of the various satellites. • Define periods when you expect to view images. • Define what is happening when you do not see images.

  4. GOES vs. POES 850 km 35,800 km Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite geo-synchronous orbit 35,800 km above the earth Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite sun-synchronous orbit 850 km above the earth

  5. The GOES and POES Systems • Environmental Sensing: • Acquisition, Processing, and Dissemination of imaging and sounding data. • Space environment monitor • Data Collection: • Interrogate and receive data from earth surface-based Data Collection Platforms • Data Broadcast: • Continuous relay of weather facsimile and other meteorological data to small users • Relay of distress signals from aircraft or marine vessels to the search and rescue ground station GOES I-M DataBook, NOAA KLM User’s Guide

  6. Characteristics of GOES • Observes events and their evolution • Repeat coverage in minutes (t = 15 or 30 minutes (or less)) • Full earth disk • Restricted viewing of high-latitudes due to large viewing angles; excellent viewing of the tropics • Same viewing angle for fixed point • Differing solar illumination for fixed point throughout the day • Resolution: visible – 1 km , infrared 4 km sounder – 10 km • Constant hourly viewing helps get clear field of view for sounding • Passive sensors Satellite Meteorology: Remote Sensing Using the New GOES Imager

  7. Characteristics of POES • Observes events at fixed and infrequent times • Repeat coverage twice daily (t =12 hours) • Global coverage • Excellent viewing of all latitudes • Varying viewing angle • Same solar illumination • Resolution: visible – 1 km, infrared – 1 km sounders: microwave – 10-50 km, infrared - 20 km • Microwave helps with atmospheric and surface detection in the presence of clouds • Passive and Active sensors Satellite Meteorology: Remote Sensing Using the New GOES Imager

  8. Image Resolution The design of the sensor and resulting image resolution is determined by many factors: • Detail in the horizontal (imagers) • Detail in the vertical (sounders) • Satellite distance from earth (36,000 km vs. 850 km) • Resolving power of the lens and the wavelength of radiation. • Size of sensor (cost)

  9. Active vs. Passive Sensors • A passive sensor measures energy emitted by another source. • An active sensor, such as a weather radar, measures the return signal from a pulse of energy emitted by the sensor itself.

  10. Multispectral vs. Hyperspectral • Multispectral sensors – sensors that collect imagery for a small number of broad wavelength bands • Hyperspectral sensors – sensors that collect imagery for a large number (hundreds) of narrow contiguous wavelength bands.

  11. GOES-8 Spacecraft The GOES Spacecraft GOES I-M DataBook

  12. Imager Area Scan (For GOES 8 – 11) GOES-12 has a wider spectral band for the water vapor channel and the 12.0 um channel has been replaced with a 13.3 um channel. GOES I-M DataBook

  13. GOES Imager Channels GOES Wavelength Central Number of Detector Channel (µm) Wavelength Detectors Resolution (µm) (per scan) (km) _________________________________________________________ 1 0.52-0.72 0.7 8 1 Visible 2 3.78-4.03 3.9 2 4 Shortwave IR 3 6.47-7.02 6.7 1 8 3 G12 5.77-7.33 6.5 2 4 4 10.2-11.2 10.7 2 4 5 11.5-12.5 12.0 2 4 6 G12 12.9-13.7 13.3 1 8 Longwave IR

  14. GOES Sounder Channels Midwave Longwave Shortwave Midwave Resolution = 10 km Satellite Meteorology: Using the GOES Sounder

  15. GOES GOES I-M DataBook

  16. GOES-EAST ROUTINE IMAGER SCHEDULE SECTORS SECTOR DURATION MINS:SECS CONUS 4:48 N. HEMIS. EXT 14:13 S. HEMIS. 4:48 FULL DISK 26:05

  17. GOES-EAST RAPID SCAN IMAGER SCHEDULE SECTORS SECTOR DURATION MINS:SECS CONUS 4:43 N. HEMISPHERE 9:44 S. HEMIS. S. S. 1:45 FULL DISK 26:05

  18. GOES-EAST SUPER RAPID SCAN IMAGER SCHEDULE SECTORS SECTOR DURATION MINS:SECS CONUS 4:43 N. HEMISPHERE 9:44 SRSO (Maryland) 1:02 FULL DISK 26:05

  19. GOES-EAST SOUNDER SCAN SCHEDULES SECTOR DURATION MINS:SECS CONUS 30:00 E. CARIBBEAN 22:00 GULF OF MEXICO 22:00 N. ATLANTIC 22:00

  20. GOES Imager Products High density winds Heavy Rainfall Fog/low cloud Inflight Icing Volcanic ash detection Fire detection

  21. GOES Sounder Products Lifted Index CAPE Convective Inhibition Total Precipitable Water Surface Skin Temperature Water vapor winds

  22. POES • Main Operational POES: NOAA DMSP • Semi-operational POES: QuikSCAT Terra and Aqua (contain MODIS imager)

  23. NOAA KLM System Sensors of interest • Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer/3 (AVHRR/3) • Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit – A (AMSU – A) • Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit – B (AMSU – B) • High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/3)

  24. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Sensors of interest • Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM/I) • Special Sensor Microwave / Temperature (SSM/T) – Atmospheric Temperature Profiler • SSM/T2 – Atmospheric Water Vapor Profiler http://dmsp.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp.html

  25. Cross-track Scanning (AVHRR, AMSU, MODIS) Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster – COMET CD Module

  26. Conical Scanning –SSM/I Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster – COMET CD

  27. Orbital Coverage • Satellite makes one orbit (360°) in about 100 min; i.e., it goes about 3.6°/min, or about 10° in 3 minutes. • With a knowledge of which way the satellite is moving and how fast it is moving, one can estimate viewing time at a particular point. Introduction to POES data and products – COMET/VISIT teletraining

  28. AMSU coverage (2200 km swath) http://amsu.cira.colostate.edu/

  29. SSMI coverage (1400 km swath) swath Example from NOAA’s Marine Observing Systems Team Web Page http://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/doc/ssmiwinds.html

  30. AVHRR/3 (3000 km swath) http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/globsys/avhrr4.shtml

  31. AVHRR Products SST • Sea Surface Temperature (SST) • Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) • Atmospheric aerosols • Volcanic Ash detection • Fire detection NDVI Aerosols Fires Volcanic Ash

  32. AMSU-A AMSU-B Notation: x±y±z; x is the center frequency. If y appears, the center frequency is not sensed, but two bands, one on either side of the center frequency, are sensed; y is the distance from the center frequency to the center of the two pass bands. If z appears, it is the width of the two pass bands. Polarization: R = rotates with scan angle. Source: Kidder and Vonder Haar (1995)

  33. SSM/I – Microwave Imager Polarization: V = vertical, H = horizontal Source: Kidder and Vonder Haar (1995); POES Microwave Applications CD - COMET

  34. Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster – COMET CD

  35. AMSU/SSMI Products TPW • Total Precipitable Water (TPW) • Cloud Liquid Water (CLW) • Rain rate • Snow and Ice cover CLW Ice cover Rain rate Snow cover http://amsu.cira.colostate.edu/

  36. QuikSCAT Orbit: Sun-synchronous, 803 km, 98.6° inclination orbit Seawinds Instrument: Microwave Radar (active sensor) • 13.4 GHz • Retrieval of near surface wind speed and direction • Resolution on ground: 25 km 1800 km wide swath NASA/JPL web pages: http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/aboutScat/index.cfm

  37. Example from NOAA’s Marine Observing Systems Team Web Page http://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/quikscat/

  38. Example from NOAA’s Marine Observing Systems Team Web Page http://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/quikscat/

  39. MODISModerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 36 spectral bands 2330 km swath width 55° view angle Resolution on ground at nadir: • 1 km for all channels • 250 m for bands 1 and 2 (0.645 and 0.865 um) • 500 m for bands 3 – 7 (0.470, 0.555, 1.240, 1.640, 2.130 um)

  40. MODIS Aqua coverage (2330 km swath) Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/datacenter/aqua/

  41. MODIS Products Cloud fraction (daytime) Surface albedo Clear sky precipitable water (IR) Normalized difference vegetation index Cloud optical thickness (water) Ecosystem classification Aerosol optical depth AND MANY MORE http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html

  42. Summary of swath widths for select POES

  43. References CDs produced by the COMET program (see meted.ucar.edu) Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster POES Introduction and Background POES Microwave Applications An Introduction to POES Data and Products Satellite Meteorology: Remote Sensing Using the New GOES Imager Satellite Meteorology: Using the GOES Sounder Space Systems Loral, 1996 : GOES I-M DataBook Can be found online at: http://rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes/text/goes.databook.html NOAA KLM User’s Guide http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/index.htm NOAA/NESDIS Office of Satellite Operations: http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/index.htm NOAA/NESDIS Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/ Hastings, D. and W. Emery. 1992. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR): a brief reference guide. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 58(8):1183-1188. Kidder, S.Q., and T.H. Vonder Haar, 1995: Satellite Meteorology. Academic Press, 466 pp. Stan Kidder’s AMSU webpage at CIRA: http://amsu.cira.colostate.edu/ Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) http://dmsp.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp.html NASA/JPL web pages: http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/aboutScat/index.cfm NOAA’s Marine Observing Systems Team Web Page http://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/doc/oceanwinds1.html MODIS Rapid Response System http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ NASA MODIS Home page http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/

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