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Advanced Technique for Improving the Biological Quality of Petroleum-contaminated Soils

National Petroleum Technology Office Tulsa, OK Nancy Comstock, Program Manager FEAC317 Art Stewart, Principle Investigator. Advanced Technique for Improving the Biological Quality of Petroleum-contaminated Soils. Landfarming operations.

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Advanced Technique for Improving the Biological Quality of Petroleum-contaminated Soils

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  1. National Petroleum Technology Office Tulsa, OK Nancy Comstock, Program Manager FEAC317 Art Stewart, Principle Investigator Advanced Techniquefor Improving the Biological Quality of Petroleum-contaminated Soils

  2. Landfarming operations . . . “. . . highly effective in converting contaminated soil into material that can be used beneficially at approved locations on the military installation in revegetative and soil restoration projects.” (Fort Polk) “. . . the Landfarm has safely treated in excess of 1800 tons of POL-contaminated soil and 600 tons of digested sewage sludge in the past two years alone. RESULT: Annual cost savings in excess of $250 K.” (Fort Sill)

  3. Advanced Technique . . . The central idea: use known properties of biological systems to facilitate the ecological recovery of oily soil habitats. -- Hasten the rate of oil biodegradation in oily soils. -- Make biodegradation of TPH more complete. -- Attend to soil physical-property concerns. -- Produce a soil product of demonstrably good biological quality.

  4. Advanced Technique . . . earthworms plants plants

  5. Experiments with oily soil from a landfarming operation in northwest Colorado. -- Can earthworms live, grow and reproduce in the oily soil? -- How “bad” is the oily soil, compared to non-oily soil? -- Can organic amendments be used to improve earthworm performance in oily soil?

  6. Earthworms can tell the difference!

  7. Responses of Eisenia to organic amendments in oily soil

  8. 1. Eisenia can detect (and behaviorally avoid) • oily landfarm soil. • 2. The non-amended landfarm soil seems near-satisfactory, in terms of being able to sustain earthworm populations. • The type of organic material used as an oily-soil amendment makes a difference to Eisenia. • At least some species of plants can germinate • and grow in the oily landfarm soil.

  9. 5. Gypsum (CaSO4), added at five times the highest recommended rate, does not significantly lighten landfarm soil color (Munsell chart).

  10. Field- (or greenhouse) scale testing • -- Effects of plant – soil invertebrate linkages on • rate and extent of ecological recovery. • -- Relationship between bulking agents and soil • biological quality, for oily landfarm soils. Future accomplishments --

  11. Biological Quality of Soils Containing Hydrocarbons and Efficacy of Ecological Risk Reduction by Bioremediation Alternatives FEAC303 Dexter Sutterfield, Program Manager National Petroleum Technology Office Tulsa, OK Art Stewart, Principle Investigator

  12. Biological Quality of Soils . . . • Project began in 1995. • PERF project 94-06, “Environmentally Acceptable Treatment Endpoints for Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils”. • Collaborative research on 20 soils. • Understand mechanisms that retard the release of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil. • Characterize soil biological quality.

  13. Biological Quality of Soils . . . Can soil toxicity be predicted from total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration? Does sequestration of TPH compounds by soil reduce THP ecological risk? Questions relate to regulations that can affect land-use alternatives for sites with petroleum-contaminated soils. Perspective: Increasingly, environmental regulatory decisions are being on the basis of risk to human health and ecological health.

  14. Biological Quality of Soils . . . Eisenia foedida survival, growth and reproduction. 14-d tests, using various concentrations of the oily soils. Earthworm response Contaminated soil concentration

  15. Biological Quality of Soils . . . Two not-so-hidden project agendas • Learn about petroleum industry perspectives on petroleum industry environmental problems. • Transfer ORNL expertise and perspectives in ERA to petroleum industry representatives.

  16. Ecological risk – • What is it? • How do we use it? • How do we avoid it . . .? Glenn W. Suter, III -- A framework for assessing ecological risks of petroleum-derived materials in soil. Rebecca Efroymson – Toxicity benchmarks for petroleum hydrocarbons to soil invertebrates and plants.

  17. Biological Quality of Soils . . . Efroymson et al. 2000

  18. Guillermo Napolitano – 1998. Characterization of petroleum-contaminated soils by thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection. J. Soil. Contam.7:709-724. resins aromatics asphaltenes saturates 0 12 6 cm

  19. Biological Quality of Soils . . . Tested sampling methods that might be used to provide data on biological conditions at sites where soils may contain petroleum hydrocarbons. -- Depot/transfer site near Salt Lake City, Utah. -- Small E&P site in south-central Kentucky.

  20. Biological Quality of Soils . . . Hyperspectral analyses Spatially explicit modeling Restoration of landfarm soils

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