Bell ringer

1. Bell ringer • What were important characteristics describing the Middle colonies? • Next, list all four of the colonies and tell me one unique characteristic about each. SIT WITH THE COLONY YOU ENDED LAST CLASS PERIOD! VIRGINA MARYLAND NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIA I will be able to see on your paper if you sit with the wrong group!

2. The Middle Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware ~ Characterized by: Breadbasket Colonies Diverse Ethnic Groups Shipping & Trade Cash Crop of GRAIN

3. MIDDLE COLONIES NEW YORK…1607 NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • When England and the Dutch Empires went to war, the American colony was the main target of the King of England. • The goal was to close the gap between the N.E. colonies in the North and the Chesapeake (Southern) Colonies in the South • New Netherland was to be taken by the King’s brother…the Duke of York • He floated up to the harbor at the tip of Manhattan and without a fight, took the City from Stuyvesant. • In 1664 he became the Proprietor of NEW YORK • Prospered greatly as the English most diverse of all the colonies. • Greatest harbors in the world at the time. NEW JERSEY…1620 PENNSYLVANIA…1636 • King Charles owed William Penn’s Father a debt. • Penn got a land grant to become a PROPRIETOR over a colony. • He brought 2000 colonists • Established Philadelphia as the capital city. Means = “City of Brotherly Love” • Penn was a Quaker…a radical form of Protestantism • They sought an “inner light” to understand the Bible • Equality for all was key to their faith, including N.A. • With religious toleration and peace with the N.A., Pennsylvania prospers • Fertile land/ Navigable river/ just need added to the ocean? • Temperate climate for growing GRAIN (cash crop) • Colony multiples = 18,000 inhabitants by 700 • Delaware connection? • William Penn leased the land to create a harbor and access to the sea for Pennsylvania. • Ruled both colonies with the same Governor and assembly • The Duke granted two of his friends land in modern day New Jersey • Established for religious freedom • Developed a charger that created a toleration law • Many diverse people came and made the two men rich • The King bought out the men and made a Royal colony DELAWARE…1636 • Swedish traders founded it on the lower Delaware river • Established by the Swedes for $$$ • Fur Trade and grain farming • Hostile takeover by Peter Stuyvesant and the Dutch in 1655 • Eventually governed by Penn. For their access to the Atlantic ocean

4. DEVELOPING the SOUTHERN COLONIES

5. The Southern Colonies • Virginia • Maryland • N. Carolina • S. Carolina • Georgia ~ Characterized by: Large Plantations SLAVE LABOR Cash Crops of Rice, Indigo, & TOBACCO

6. South: Plantationville • Long, hot, humid summers, heavy rainfall • CASH CROPS: • Tobacco • Indigo • Rice • Barrels of tobacco were sent downriver to the coast= less major port cities then N.E or Middle colonies

7. MARYland • Refuge for Catholics: religious tolerance • Lord Baltimore Jr. is granted charter • Settlers given land: extra acres for every child and servant he brought: PULL factors • Excellent water ways: Potomac River= easy trade • Great source for fish, oysters, crabs, • Religious toleration attracts Protestants • TOLERATION ACT 1649: guaranteed religious tolerance for all Christians

8. Virginia • 1st successful English Settlement: • John Smith/Pocahontas/ Captain Newport • Survived two “starving times” with help from Powhatans • John Rolfe brought tobacco and made Jamestown a success • Virginia House of Burgesses: • 1st Representative Assembly in 1619 • Adult/Male/White/Land Owning/Church Members

9. North and South Carolina • Slow growth, humid and swampy, • Large amounts of land offered to noblemen • South Carolina: • Pulled people from the West Indies • Brought indigo • Rice • Used African slaves to grow rice and tend cattle • Had thick, pine forests • Supplied English navy with lumber, tar and pitch • North Carolina: Settled by outspread of Virginians • Needed more land for farming tobacco and corn • Most democratic colony • Pirates made them a safety port • South Carolina: • people from the West Indies • Brought indigo • Rice • Used African slaves to grow rice and tend cattle • Had thick, pine forests • Supplied English navy with lumber, tar and pitch

10. Georgia: colony for the poor • 1732: James Oglethorpe founded Georgia • Refuge for debtors • Eng. Gov. wanted to make it a military outpost “BUFFER” • Spanish in Florida • French in Louisiana • Oglethorpe= strict rules • King made it a royal colony in 1752

11. Southern Colonies Maryland Refuge for Catholics, yet inhabited by more Protestants. Religious freedom / Lord Baltimore= proprietor North Carolina Refuge for pirates / great place to get Timber to build boats. Tar was a byproduct of tobacco / Naval Stores were main export. Religious Freedom South Carolina Cotton & Rice dominated this region. Large plantations for crops and much needed labor = SLAVERY. Aristocracy of the New World /Charles Town Georgia Refuge for debtors. James Oglethorpe was the proprietor. Military buffer against the Spanish & NA in Florida and the French to the west.

12. SOUTHERN COLONIES MARYLAND…1634 VIRGINIA…1607 • The 1stSUCCESSFUL English settlement • John Smith / Pocahontas / Captain Newport • Survived brutal winter starving conditions twice with help • from the Powhatten Indians. • Made a success after JOHN ROLFE brought the cash crop of • TOBACCO. • Population grew quickly due to free land / many indentured servants • created labor force. • 1st REPRESENTATIVE ASSMEBLY in history in 1619 with the formation of the Virginia House of Burgesses. • Only for ADULT / MALE/ WHITE /LAND OWNING / CHURCH MEMBERS Refuge for Catholics, yet inhabited by more Protestants. Religious freedom / Lord Baltimore= proprietor 1st TOLERATION ACT NORTH CAROLINA…1677 Refuge for pirates / great place to get Timber to build boats / Tar was a byproduct of tobacco / Naval Stores were main export / Very Democratic people / Religious Freedom SOUTH CAROLINA…1670 Rice, Indigo, Tobacco, & Wine were the main cash crops / Large plantations meant a much needed labor force = SLAVERY / Aristocracy brought by the French Huguenots GEORGIA…1732 Refuge for debtors. James Oglethorpe was the proprietor. Military buffer against the Spanish & NA in Florida and the French to the west

13. Reviewing the13 Colonies

14. 1. Why were people motivated to go? Motivations for founding the English colonies in America: • Religious Freedom • Riches • Land • Commercial trade

15. Colonizing the New World • PUSH / PULL Factors • PUSH: Religious persecution, Overcrowding, Unjust governing, over taxed • PULL: Money$$$, Land, Freedom, Frontier, Glory

16. Jamestown (Virginia) Founded in 1607, Jamestown was the first successful English settlement in America. Why was Jamestown successful? #1

17. New England Colonies • Connecticut • Rhode Island • Massachusetts • New Hampshire ~ Characterized by: Puritan Religious Values Fishing, Shipping, & Trade Subsistence Farming

18. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES NEW HAMPSHIRE & MAINE …1629 • Established with religious toleration / recruited many middle class with free land opportunities • Economy based on timber, trade, & shipping / NOT SIGNIFICANT to colonial make-up MASSACHUSSETTS…1630 • The Puritans came in masses to New England / John Winthrop was their governor, “We shall be as a city upon a hill.” • Strict people / incredible work ethic / no starving time / Established the 1st full REPUBLICsystem of self governing • Created our 1st forms of PUBLIC EDUCATION…Desired their children to read the BIBLE. • Didn’t believe in TOLERATION for other religious groups / • religious freedom only for Puritans. • Drove off many people due to harshness of trying • to attain perfection. • Eventually, educated themselves out of existence Plymouth…1620 Pilgrims brought saints & strangers that needed to be governed… The MAYFLOWER COMPACT= 1stSelf Governing document in American history. Started the legacy. CONNECTICUT…1636 RHODE ISLAND…1636 • Thomas Hooker established a farming community where he could preach as he wished. • Established our 1stWRITTEN CONSTITUTION…the Fundamental Orders, which est. rules and rights for everyone. • Roger Williams was driven out of Mass. for contrary opinions • Established a SEPARATION of CHURCH & STATE • Allowed religious toleration

19. The Middle Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware ~ Characterized by: Breadbasket Colonies Diverse Ethnic Groups Shipping & Trade Cash Crop of GRAIN

20. MIDDLE COLONIES NEW YORK…1607 NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • When England and the Dutch Empires went to war, the American colony was the main target of the King of England. • The goal was to close the gap between the N.E. colonies in the North and the Chesapeake (Southern) Colonies in the South • New Netherland was to be taken by the King’s brother…the Duke of York • He floated up to the harbor at the tip of Manhattan and without a fight, took the City from Stuyvesant. • In 1664 he became the Proprietor of NEW YORK • Prospered greatly as the English most diverse of all the colonies. • Greatest harbors in the world at the time. NEW JERSEY…1620 PENNSYLVANIA…1636 • King Charles owed William Penn’s Father a debt. • Penn got a land grant to become a PROPRIETOR over a colony. • He brought 2000 colonists • Established Philadelphia as the capital city. Means = “City of Brotherly Love” • Penn was a Quaker…a radical form of Protestantism • They sought an “inner light” to understand the Bible • Equality for all was key to their faith, including N.A. • With religious toleration and peace with the N.A., Pennsylvania prospers • Fertile land/ Navigable river/ just need added to the ocean? • Temperate climate for growing GRAIN (cash crop) • Colony multiples = 18,000 inhabitants by 700 • Delaware connection? • William Penn leased the land to create a harbor and access to the sea for Pennsylvania. • Ruled both colonies with the same Governor and assembly • The Duke granted two of his friends land in modern day New Jersey • Established for religious freedom • Developed a charger that created a toleration law • Many diverse people came and made the two men rich • The King bought out the men and made a Royal colony DELAWARE…1636 • Swedish traders founded it on the lower Delaware river • Established by the Swedes for $$$ • Fur Trade and grain farming • Hostile takeover by Peter Stuyvesant and the Dutch in 1655 • Eventually governed by Penn. For their access to the Atlantic ocean

21. The Southern Colonies • Virginia • Maryland • N. Carolina • S. Carolina • Georgia ~ Characterized by: Large Plantations SLAVE LABOR Cash Crops of Rice, Indigo, & TOBACCO

22. SOUTHERN COLONIES MARYLAND…1634 VIRGINIA…1607 • The 1stSUCCESSFUL English settlement • John Smith / Pocahontas / Captain Newport • Survived brutal winter starving conditions twice with help • from the Powhatten Indians. • Made a success after JOHN ROLFE brought the cash crop of • TOBACCO. • Population grew quickly due to free land / many indentured servants • created labor force. • 1st REPRESENTATIVE ASSMEBLY in history in 1619 with the formation of the Virginia House of Burgesses. • Only for ADULT / MALE/ WHITE /LAND OWNING / CHURCH MEMBERS Refuge for Catholics, yet inhabited by more Protestants. Religious freedom / Lord Baltimore= proprietor 1st TOLERATION ACT NORTH CAROLINA…1677 Refuge for pirates / great place to get Timber to build boats / Tar was a byproduct of tobacco / Naval Stores were main export / Very Democratic people / Religious Freedom SOUTH CAROLINA…1670 Rice, Indigo, Tobacco, & Wine were the main cash crops / Large plantations meant a much needed labor force = SLAVERY / Aristocracy brought by the French Huguenots GEORGIA…1732 Refuge for debtors. James Oglethorpe was the proprietor. Military buffer against the Spanish & NA in Florida and the French to the west

23. #3 #2 #7 #5 #6 #11 #8 #4 #12 #1 #9/10 #13

24. GRUDGEBALL! • Each team gets 10 “x’s” • Goal of the game: get everyone else off of the board • How to play: • Each group gets one question. • If you get the question wrong you lose 1 “x” • If they get it right they erase 2 “x’s” from the board (this can be any team or a couple of teams) • BEFORE YOU DO THIS!!: you can increase your teams ability to win… • By shooting a basket: 2 point line (take 4 x’s) 3 point line (5 x’s) • If all points are lost you can still get back on the board by answer a question right and making a basket!