Unit 1

1. Unit 1 Great scientists 黄小红

2. Words preview characteristic radium painter scientific conclude conclusion analyse n. 特征; 特性 n. 镭 n. 画家; 油漆匠 adj. 科学的 vt. & vi. 结束； 推断出 n. 结论；结束 vt. 分析

3. Expressions preview put forward draw a conclusion 提出 得出结论

4. There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? Match the achievements with the scientists below.

5. Scientists Achievements Galileo Galilei Benjamin Franklin Newton Alexander Bell Albert Einstein lightning telephone the theory of falling objects the theory of relativity the law of gravity

6. What do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.

7. 1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? A. Charles Darwin B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison Archimedes(287-212 BC), an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist

8. 2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? B. Gregor Mendel C. Charles Darwin • Marie • Curie Charles Darwin (1808-1882), British author of The Origin of Species

9. 3. Who invented the first steam engine? • Thomas • Newcomen B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712

10. 4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children? • Thomas • Edison B. Gregor Mendel C. Archimedes Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), Czech, developed ideas on heredity (遗传学) and inherited (继承, 承传) characteristics

11. 5. Who discovered radium? A. Zhang Heng B. Newton C. Marie Curie Marie Curie (1867-1934), Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes

12. 6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? • Stephen • Hawking B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison Thomas Edison (1847-1931), American inventor

13. Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph 留声机 Thomas Edison Light bulb Motion Pictures

14. 7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? • Gregor • Mendel B. Leonardo da Vinci C. Marie Curie Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian artist

15. Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings

16. 8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground? • Sir Humphry • Davy B. Thomas Newcomen C. Faraday Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829), British, discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮) as anaesthetic (麻醉剂)

17. 9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? • Charles • Darwin B. Zhang Heng C. Watt Zhang Heng (78-139), Chinese, invented the first seismograph

18. seismograph地动仪

19. 10. Who put forward a theory about black holes? • Stephen • Hawking B. Archimedes C. Copernicus Stephen Hawking (1942--), British scientist, worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space

20. The quotes below are from some famous scientists. Do you know their meanings?

21. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Albert Einstein “想象力比知识更重要。”

22. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Thomas Alva Edison “天才就是百分之九十九的汗水 加上百分之一的灵感。”

23. Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Marie Curie “生活中没有什么可怕的东西, 只需 要理解的东西。”

24. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious. Alfred Whitehead “分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的 头脑。”

25. What makes a scientist successful?

26. strong will， imagination， creativity， patience， persistence， carefulness， curiosity…

27. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in？ Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence

28. What disease spread around the world in 2003? SARS

29. Which doctor impressed you most during the SARS? Zhong Nanshan (钟南山)

30. What do you know about infectious diseases? Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals. Bird flu, AIDS and SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.

31. What other diseases do you know are similar to SARS today? cholera What do you know about cholera?

32. What is Cholera? Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It infects people’s intestines(肠), causing diarrhea(腹泻), vomiting and leg cramps. The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been infected with the bacteria.

33. After a disaster, this is a very real danger, since regular, clean water and food supplies are often unavailable. The disease can be spread even further by infected people using already dirtied water sources to clean themselves or dispose of waste.

35. Great Britain Previous cholera epidemic in Great Britain in 1831-32 The spread of cholera London Germany Death of first cholera case in London during the 1848-49 epidemic

36. Homework • Write a passage about one of • your favourite scientist in • about 150 words. • 2. Preview the reading: • JOHN SNOW DEFEATS • “KING CHOLERA”

37. Thank you.