Contraception

1. Contraception

2. OBJECTIVES Identify and describe basic types of contraceptives; including abstinence. Identify personal considerations that will influence contraceptive decision making. Practice making contraceptive decisions in a variety of situations.

3. contraception • Definition: The intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs, or surgical procedures.

4. Abstinence Methods Of birth control

5. ABSTINENCE SEX • Description: • Not having sex (oral, anal, vaginal) at all! • Not engaging in any activity that puts you in contact with bodily fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluids) • Effectiveness: • 100% for pregnancy and STD’s • How do I obtain this? • personal reasons • make a choice and stick to it • even if a personal has become active you can still decide to become abstinent again for any amount of time that is right for YOU! • Possible side effects: • No medical or hormonal side effects • Some may find it difficult to abstain • May end without being fully prepared • Cost: • FREE!!!!!!

7. WITHDRAWAL – Coitis Interruptus • Description: • Withdrawal penis from vagina before ejaculation • Effectiveness: • 81 – 96% • ( 27 out of 100 women will become pregnant) • How do I obtain this? • Just do it • Possible side effects: • Sperm can live in pre-ejaculation! • It does NOT protect against STD’s • Stressful to rely on partner • Cost: FREE

8. RHYTHM METHOD • Description: • Chart menstrual cycle, temperature, or cervical mucus • Only have sex on ‘safe’ days • Effectiveness: • 75 – 99% • (25 out of 100 women will become pregnant) • How do I obtain this? • Fertility Awareness Methods • Professional teaches you • Several months of charting before you can rely on this • Possible side effects: • teens have irregular periods • Does NOT protect against STD’s • Sperm can live in the vagina for days • Cost: • Free mostly, charge for classes and doctor

9. Chemical Methods Of birth control

10. The Pill • Description: • A pill composed of man-made hormones that stop the ovary from releasing the egg. NO EGG = NO PREGNANCY • Increases cervical mucus to block sperm

11. The Pill 2 • Effectiveness: • 99% with PERFECT USE • (Typically 8 out of 100 women will become pregnant) • How do I obtain this? • Prescription • Possible side effects: • Nausea, headaches, moodiness, irregular bleeding • Cost: • $15 – 35 a month PLUS doctor fees • Other: • Normal menstrual cycle still occurs • Must be taken everyday • Can be prescribed to help regulate period and reduce PMS

12. Injections Depro-Provera • Description: • Injections taken once every 3 months to prevent the release of an egg from the ovary • Effectiveness: • 97% • (3 out of 100 women will become pregnant) • How do I obtain this? • Visit doctor every three months for shot

13. Injections 2 • Possible Side Effects: • Weight gain, irregular periods, depression • No protection from STD’s • Cost: • $30 – 75 per shot plus doctor fee • Other: • Fertility can take 6 months to 2 years to return after last injection. Should not be used if you want to get pregnant in 1 – 2 years.

14. The Patch • Description: • Apply the patch to the upper torso, buttocks, abdomen, or arm. It last for 1 week. The fourth week – no patch while you’re having your period. The patch delivers continuous levels of hormones though the skin into the blood stream. • no ovulation and thickens cervical mucus • Effectiveness: • No studies have yet been published • thought to be more effective then the pill if used correctly • How do I obtain this? • Prescription

15. The Patch 2 • Possible Side Effects: • Local skin irritation or rash, vaginal spotting, nausea, headaches, or moodiness • More regular, lighter, or shorter periods • SMOKERS SHOULD NOT USE • Does not protect against STD’s • Cost: • $30 – 35 a month plus doctor fees • Other: • You can swim, bathe, and exercise with it on! • Shouldn’t use if you smoke!

16. The Norplant • Description: • Six small plastic rods that contain hormones are surgically placed under the skin of the upper arm. They slowly release hormones to prevent the ovary from releasing an egg. • Effectiveness: • 99% • How do I obtain this? • Doctor visit • Takes 10 – 15 minutes

17. The Norplant 2 • Possible Side Effects: • Change in period • Cost: • $600 - 800 plus doctor fees • Other: • Lasts for 5 years – can be removed earlier • Once removed fertility is restored

18. THE NORPLANT Some additional disadvantages would be the ability to see or feel the implant

19. The Ring – Nuva Ring • Description: • A flexible, transparent, 2 inch ring. Provided women with a month of protection. Inserted by girl in the vagina each month. Provides continuous flow of hormones to prevent pregnancy • Remains for 21 days then removed and kept out for 7 days • Effectiveness: • No studies have yet been published • thought to be more effective then the pill if used correctly • figure about 8 out of a 100 women will become pregnant

20. The Nuva Ring 2 • How do I obtain this? • Prescription and office visit • Possible Side Effects: • The ring needs to be refrigerated to prolong life • Nausea, headache, vaginal discomfort • SMOKERS SHOULD NOT USE • Does not protect against STD’s • Cost: • $30 – 35 a month plus doctor fees • Other: • Buy a new one each month

21. NUVA RING 3 • Other information: To keep the product’s effectiveness, doctor’s recommend the ring be refrigerated when not used during the 7 days of a woman’s cycle.

22. Vaginal Contraceptive -VCF • Description: • A 2 x 2 film that comes 3 per envelope. A littler thicker than plastic wrap. Contains 100mg of spermicide. Fold one film over your fingertip and insert deep in the vagina covering the cervix. Dissolves within seconds. Insert 15 minutes beforehand – effective for 45 minutes. • Effectiveness: • 94% • How do I obtain this? • Pharmacies • Drug stores • Possible Side Effects: • Vaginal irritation • Does not protect against STD’s • Cost: • pack of 3 about $3.99

23. Spermicide • Description: • non-prescription & available in a variety of creams, film, foams, jellies, and suppositories. These products are inserted deep into the vagina before intercourse and immobilizes sperm — preventing it from joining with an egg. • Effectiveness: • 71 % regular use 85% perfect use • How do I obtain this? • family planning clinics, drugstores, and some supermarkets. • Possible Side Effects: • irritation of vagina or penis • Messy and leak • Cost: • Applicator kits of foam and gel are about $8. Refills cost $4–$8.

24. Emergency Contraception“The Morning After Pill” • Description: • First used in the 1960’s for rape victims. Only used in emergency situations. Two pills of high dose birth control hormones are taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex. Then two more pills are taken 12 hours later. They stop the release of an egg, prevent fertilization, or prevent implantation. • New reports say up to 120 hours (5 days) for 89% effectiveness • The faster you act the greater it works • Called Plan B • Effectiveness: • 94%

25. Emergency Contraceptive 2 • How do I obtain this? • Prescribed by health care professional • Health clinics • Possible Side Effects: • Nausea, vomiting, headache • Cost: • $20 – 200 (average pill $55) • Pills, exam, & pregnancy test • Other: • Its not fool proof – it only reduces risk of pregnancy by 75 -89% • Increases risk for ectopic pregnancy

26. Mechanical Methods Of birth control

27. Condom • Description: • Unrolled and placed over an erect penis. It prevents semen from entering the vagina. The pocket at the end collects the semen. The tip of the condom must be held after intercourse so that the condom doesn’t slip off when the penis is withdrawn. • Effectiveness: • 85 – 99% • Typical use 15 out of 100 will become pregnant • Perfect use about 2 in 100 will become pregnant

28. Condom 2 • How do I obtain this? • Drug stores, supermarkets, online • Easy to buy • Possible Side Effects: • sensitivity to latex • it can break or leak • can not be used with oil based lubricants • Cost: • 35 cents - $1 • Usually free at clinics • Other: • Can only be used once • Look for latex, spermicide, nonoxyol9, and expiration date. • Nonoxyol 9 offers some protection against STD’s

30. Female Condom • Description: • Made of polyurethane. Lines the inside of the vagina and covers the cervix. Prevents sperm from reaching the cervix. • Effectiveness: • 79 – 85% • Typical use 21 out of 100 will become pregnant • Perfect use about 5 in 100 will become pregnant

31. Female Condom 2 • How do I obtain this? • Drug stores, supermarkets, online • Easy to buy • Possible Side Effects: • sensitivity to latex • it can break or leak • can not be used with male condom • irritate vagina • Cost: • $2 – 2.50 • Usually free at clinics • Other: • Can be inserted up to 8 hours ahead of time, but need to be taken out right away after intercourse.

33. Diaphragm • Description: • A rubber cap that fits inside of the vagina and covers the cervix. Must be used with spermicide. • Effectiveness: • PERFECT USE – 98% • Usually has – 82% failure rate is use • How do I obtain this? • Doctor • Need pelvic exam for size

34. Diaphragm 2 • Possible Side Effects: • sensitivity to latex • bladder infections • Cost: • $30 – 50 plus spermicide, exam, and fitting. • Other: • Can be inserted up to 2 hours beforehand. Leave in place for 6 hours afterwards. • Replace every two years.

36. Sponge • Description: • Soft sponge inserted in the vagina and covers the cervix. It contains 3 types of spermicide. Moistened with water and activates immediately. Offers protection for 24 hours. • Effectiveness: 89 – 91% • How do I obtain this? • Pharmacies • Online

37. Sponge 2 • Possible Side Effects: • Allergy • Irritation • TSS (toxic shock syndrome) • Difficult to insert and remove • Cost: • $1.65 – 2.00

39. Intrauterine DeviceIUD • Description: • Small plastic or copper device treated with hormones. Two theories how it works: 1. causes uterus to inflame and prevents implantation 2. interferes with sperms ability to reach egg. • Effectiveness: • 95 – 99% • How do I obtain this? • Doctor • 2 appointments

40. IUD 2 • Possible Side Effects: • Does not protect against STD’s • Spotting, heavier periods, increased cramping • Expel of IUD 2 – 10% expel IUD in 1st year • Pelvic Inflammatory diseases • Cost: • $400 every 4 years, plus doctors visit and removal costs • Other: • Not recommended for young women or women who haven’t had children yet. • If you become pregnant while the IUD is in the uterus – you have a 50% chance of having a miscarriage.

42. PERMANENT METHODS Of birth control

43. Vasectomy • Description: • Local painkiller. Two small cuts are made in the scrotum, the vas deferens are cut and sealed with heat so scar will grow to block. The cuts are then stitched closed. • Effectiveness: • 99% • Less than 1 woman in 1,000 will become pregnant • How do I obtain this? • Doctor • MINOR surgery

44. Vasectomy 2 • Possible Side Effects: • Uncomfortable for 2 – 3 days • Does not protect from STD’s • Takes 6 months for all sperm to be cleared • Cost: • $350 – 755 plus doctors visits

45. Tubal Ligation • Description: • A small cut is made near the belly button, the stomach is filled with gas, the fallopian tubes are cut and sealed. The cut is stitched closed. • Effectiveness: • 99% • Less than 1 woman in 100 will become pregnant • How do I obtain this? • Doctor • Surgery  can be done after childbirth

46. Tubal Ligation 2 • Possible Side Effects: • Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy • Can be reversed – its complicated, expensive, and might not work • Does not protect from STD’s • Several days of PAIN • Internal infection • Bleeding • Anesthesia risk • Cost: • $1,200 – 2,500 plus doctors visits • Other: • Ovulation and menstrual cycle still occur • You can get this done as early as 1 day after giving birth