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LENS

LENS. LENS. any transparent object having two nonparallel curved surfaces or one plane surface and one curved surface. Converging Lenses - thicker in middle than in the edge. These lenses converge light to a real focus. Diverging Lenses - thicker at edge than in middle. double concave.

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LENS

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  1. LENS

  2. LENS anytransparentobject having two nonparallel curved surfaces or one plane surface and one curved surface Converging Lenses - thicker in middle than in the edge These lenses converge light to a real focus.

  3. Diverging Lenses- thicker at edge than in middle double concave plano-concave These lenses diverge light from a virtual focus.

  4. Ray Diagrams Converging and Diverging Lenses 1. 1. Incident rays parallel to the principal axis refract through the focus or diverge away from the focus. 1. Rays passing through or toward the focus refract parallel to the principal axis. Just like mirrors, 1/f = 1/do+ 1/di and di/do=hi/ho.

  5. Click here, here, and here to view simulations showing image formation in converging and diverging lenses using these three important rays.

  6. The simulation linked here shows image formation in a converging lens. Learn more about image characteristics here. Images formed by converging lenses may be: 1. real, virtual, or non-existent 2. upright or inverted 3. reduced, enlarged, or same size 4. in front or behind the lens

  7. The image characteristics depend on the object’s position with respect to one and two focal lengths (1f and 2f) away from the lens. 2f f

  8. object is beyondtwo focal lengths: image is real, inverted, and reduced object is exactlytwice the focal length: image is real, inverted, and the same size object betweenoneand two focal lengths: image is real, inverted, and enlarged object is on the focus: no image; rays reflect parallel object is inside the focus: image is virtual, upright, and enlarged

  9. The simulation linked here shows image formation in a diverging lens. Learn more about image characteristics here. Images formed by diverging lenses are always: 1. virtual 2. upright 3. reduced 4. located in front of the lens between the focus and the lens

  10. General Image Trends • real images are always inverted • virtual images are always upright • real images are always behind the lens • virtual images are always in front • of the lens • negative image distance means • virtual image • positive image distance means real image • real images may be projected onto a screen; virtual images may not

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