French Revolution: Causes, Impact, and Ideals

1. Warmup 10/19/15 • What is a constitution? • How does a constitution affect government?

2. Write this down!!! Reasons for French Revolution: • Unfair Social Divisions • Government Debts – King Louis XVI • Unequal Tax Burdens • Financial Crisis

3. Government and the American and French Revolution Standard - 7- 2.5 and 3.1

4. 1. Enlightenment Thinkers • Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke spoke of ideas like human rights. • Their strongest idea was people’s right to rebel against the government.

5. 2. American Revolution • American colonists challenged their home country Great Britain. • In 1776, Declaration of Independence was sent to England. • France sent nobles then soldiers, sailors and weapons to help. D. The French were inspired!

6. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson, and was issued by Congress on July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence

7. At the Boston Massacre, British Soldiers fired into a crowd of protestors and killed 5 people. Boston Massacre

8. Boston Tea Party • At the Boston Tea Party, colonists protested the Tea Act by dumping British Tea into the Boston Harbor.

9. Let’s have some fun!!! • https://www.flocabulary.com/american-revolution/

10. Warmup 10/20/15 • How did Jefferson and Franklin’s visit to France have an impact on the American Revolution? • Why is the American Revolution important to World History?

11. Warmup 10/21/15 (1) How did the American Revolution use the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Voltaire? (2) How did the Enlightenment lead to more limited government in the United States?

12. Warmup 10/22/15 Directions: Turn to page 148 in your textbook and answer the following questions. 1. How many years passed between the American Revolution and the French Revolution? 2. How would you feel if you lived in a European country and you learned that another country had revolted and gained its independence?

13. The French Revolution

14. Warmup 10/23/15 Turn to page 174 in your textbook and analyze the article. • Do you think government leaders should get paid more than other people? • Do you think all citizens should pay taxes or just some? • Do you think the French people had a cause to rebel?

15. 3. The Causes of the French Revolution • Unfair Social Divisions • First Estate: Clergy - 15% of land, 1% population • Second Estate: Aristocracy - 25% land, 2% Population • Third Estate: Bourgeoisie (middle class) and peasants • Government Debts – King Louis XVI • Expensive wars • Royal spending out of control

16. King Louis XVIput France in debt

17. The First Estate • Clergy (Church) • 15% of land • 1% of population

18. The Second Estate • Nobility • 25% of land • 2% of population

19. The Third Estate • Commoners (rich and poor!) • Middle Class of this estate was called Bourgeoisie. • 97% of population

20. Unequal Tax Burdens • The third estate had no voice in government owned 10% of the land and paid 100% of the taxes • Financial Crisis • Very High cost of living for the very poor

21. The French couldn’t pay more taxes and banks refused to loan France money

22. 4. Calling the Estates General • Louis XVI called together the Estates General to discuss the problems. • 1st and 2nd Estate refused to pay taxes. • 3rd Estate left declaring itself the National Assembly and began working on a new constitution.

23. King Louis was forced to call a meeting of the Estates-General, France’s legislature.

24. 5. The Tennis Court Oath • They met and all swore “not to separate. . . until the constitution of the kingdom is established.”

25. 6. Storming the Bastille • The Bastille was a prison that held many political prisoners. • The mob wanted to free the prisoners so they stormed the prison on July 14, 1789. (Now Bastille Day in France) • Blood was shed – there was no going back now.

26. Peasants stormed the Bastille, a prison and armory. It was torndown for being a symbol of royal power.

27. Answer the questions in your notebook. Please write in complete sentences! 1. Why did the peasants want to attack the Bastille? 2. Who was in the Bastille? 3. What happened to the people in charge of the Bastille?

28. A New Revolutionary Spirit… The Marquis de Lafayette, commander of the new National Guard, combined  the colors of the King (white) and the colors of Paris (blue and red) for his guardsmen's uniforms and from this came the Tricolor, the new French flag.

29. “Come children of the Motherland, the day of glory has arrived! Against us, the tyrant has raised his bloody banner, has raised his bloody banner! Don't you hear across our countryside the roar of his merciless soldiers? They are coming right into your arms to butcher your friends and family! Citizens, to arms! Let's march! March! So that our very fields shall wash with their evil blood!” The Marseillaise First a marching song – then a National Anthem – Le Marseillaise

30. The Movement needed a Slogan Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité: The French Revolution Liberty - Freedom Equality – No social classes Fraternity - Brotherhood

31. Flocabulary!!! https://www.flocabulary.com/french-revolution/

32. Warmup 10/26/15 • What is a constitution? • How did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution? • Why did the Third Estate sign the Tennis Court Oath?

33. 1. National Convention • In 1791 a constitution was established… in that same year the constitution was put aside, and the king was imprisoned. • The Legislature of France took over, and named themselves the “National Convention” • Many members of the convention were “Jacobins” a radical revolutionary group.

34. 2. Reign of Terror • After the king was imprisoned, the king and queen were executed • In 1793 a Jacobin, Maximillian Robespierre gained power as the leader of the Committee of Public Safety. • Robespierre started the reign of terror where 25,000 to 40,000 “Enemies of the revolution” were killed • Fearing for their own lives, Robespierre was executed in July of 1794

35. After the death of Louis XVI in 1793, the Reign of Terror began. The first victim was Marie Antoinette. She had been imprisoned with her children after she was separated from Louis. First they took her son Louis Charles from her (often called the lost dauphin, or Louis XVII). He disappeared under suspicious circumstances. Then she led off a parade of prominent and not-so-prominent citizens to their deaths.  The guillotine, the new instrument of egalitarian justice, was put to work. Public executions were considered educational. Women were encouraged to sit and knit during trials and executions. The Revolutionary Tribunal  ordered the execution of 2,400 people in Paris by July 1794. Across France 40,000 people lost their lives.

36. 3. The Directory • A Directory was set up, during a calm period for 4 years but was overthrown and replaced by a Directory, headed by five moderate men – one of whom was Napoleon Bonaparte. • Napoleon quickly brought about a coup d’etat and became the sole ruler. • The Revolution was over!

37. 4. NapoleonBonaparte • The French Revolution ended in 1799 when Napoleon entered Paris and became First Consul at the age of 30. • He took the title of Emperor Napoleon I in 1804.

38. The Coronation of Napoleon by Jacques Louis David – notice that he has already crowned himself and now is crowning his wife, Josephine. The Pope has to sit and watch; symbolic of the kind of ruler Napoleon was to be.

39. 5. Napoleon’s Accomplishments • Created a new legal system, the Napoleonic Code • Set up schools • Ended the estate social class system • Created a bureaucracy based on merit not on birth • Reduced the power of the Catholic Church • Required all citizens to pay taxes

40. Exit Ticket – turn into basket before you leave. • Who was Robespierre? • What was the Reign of Terror? • What is a coup d’etat? • How did Napoleon Bonaparte change France? • Explain the Napoleonic Code.