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Electrification

Electrification. The Concept: Electrify Everything, Decarbonize Electricity, DISTRIBUTE The Challenges: Resiliency, Security, Equity The Opportunities Transportation Buildings Peripherals. Electrification: Concept. Decarbonization = phase out fossil fuels

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Electrification

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  1. Electrification • The Concept: Electrify Everything, Decarbonize Electricity, DISTRIBUTE • The Challenges: Resiliency, Security, Equity • The Opportunities • Transportation • Buildings • Peripherals

  2. Electrification: Concept • Decarbonization = phase out fossil fuels • Viable, affordable clean electricity is greater reality than other non-fossil options, so … • Clean Up Electricity • Electrify everything

  3. Electrification • NREL 2017 • Key tech incl • Light and heavy duty vehicles and buses • Air source heat pumps • Heat pump water heaters

  4. Electrification

  5. Electrification: Challenges • Supply and Demand trajectories • Resiliency • Security • Equity • Transmission before storage

  6. Electrification: Distributed • If one were to design the grid today … • Distributed systems are more resilient • They are potentially much more secure • They can contribute to greater equity • Ownership matters for ALL the above • Plus universal economic development • Enough load growth to go round

  7. Electrification: take-aways (NREL) • Multiple pathways, but don’t have to have all answers NOW (80% rule) • Electrification = doubling of electrical generation, but 2.6% growth rate slightly LESS than 1980-2000 growth rate • Renewables, NGCC, transmission, storage … • “Despite the large growth in total electricity consumption and the associated increase in peak load, flexibility in incremental load (and opportunities for load shifting) serves to drive down the peak-to-average load ratio. In other words, the hourly load shape becomes smoother or less “peaky,” and as a result, new generation resources are built largely for serving energy as opposed to meeting peak load requirements, increasing the overall efficiency of power system operation.”

  8. Transportation: US’s Largest Greenhouse Gas Sector

  9. EVs: A win-win-win • Good for the Environment • Good for Customer’s pocketbook • Good for Utilities

  10. Cleaner over Time • As Electricity becomes cleaner, so does your car

  11. Save on Fuel Costs

  12. Save on Maintenance

  13. Eventually, Save on Upfront Costs

  14. EVs: Good for the Utilities • Load Growth • Proper incentives and market signals can ensure charging happens outside of grid peak • Timing of charging is very important to avoid need for additional buildout of grid

  15. Time Your Charging

  16. Set Rates to Encourage EV Adoption and Off-Peak Charging

  17. Local Options • Alliant Energy – Time of Day Pricing • 50% Discount on energy cost during off-peak • 40% Premium on energy cost during peak • Peak is 7am to 8pm • MiEnergy – EV Charging Rate • Separate Submeter

  18. Local Options

  19. Possible Decarbonization Strategy

  20. Does it Pay? • Study focused on 4 areas: Oakland CA, Houston TX, Providence RI and Chicago IL • In each case, all-electric homes were cheaper on a 15-year basis – For NEW homes

  21. Does it Pay? • Home Power Magazine example: • 1600 sf home in Maine – colder than Decorah • All-electric • Net-Zero • Minisplit Heat Pump • 6.8 kW solar

  22. Does it Pay? • Remodel/Retrofit was usually cost effective if a Heat-Pump replaced an A/C unit at the end of its useful life • Not typically cost effective to replace an exiting, working AC unit

  23. Does it Pay? • Remodel/Retrofit was cost effective for Propane and Fuel Oil Customers • Conversion to electric does work best for energy-efficient homes. Tight, well-insulated homes need less energy to heat.

  24. Load Flexibility and Monitoring • You can monitor all your electric use. • Water heating especially can be timed to coincide with low prices, or on-site solar consumption

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