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The Commercial North. Key Terms Enlightenment Benjamin Franklin Jonathan Edwards Great Awakening. The Commercial North. Commerce Grows in the North “The North” includes New England & Middle Colonies Mercantilism - contributed to economic growth in both England and the colonies
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The Commercial North • Key Terms • Enlightenment • Benjamin Franklin • Jonathan Edwards • Great Awakening
The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • “The North” includes New England & Middle Colonies • Mercantilism - contributed to economic growth in both England and the colonies • 1650 to 1750 Colonies’ economy grew twice as fast as fast as England’s economy
The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • Development of Urban Centers • As Trade increases Port Cities Grow • New York, Boston, Philadelphia as significant ports • Philadelphia becomes the 2nd largest city in the British Empire • Grid plan drawn from Wren’s rebuilding plan for London (after Great Fire of 1666) • Parks, Police, Street Lighting • Lack of firewood, clean water, sanitation systems
The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • Immigrants start arriving from other countries • In 1700 English/Welsh dominated Colonial Immigrant Population (80%) • By 1755 the % of English/Welsh immigrants made up on 52% • Africans slave made up 20% • Scots-Irish, Scottish, Irish & Dutch another 26% • Other ethnic groups included Scandinavians, Jews
The Commercial North • Ben Franklin’s Complaint • “Why should the Germans be suffered to swarm into our Settlements and, by herding together establish their Language and Manners to the Exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them?”
The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • Slavery in the North • Did exist in New England & was Extensive in the Middle Colonies • Unlike the South, slaves in the north did have some legal standing • Could sue & be sued • Right of appeal / use of court system
The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • Slavery in the NORTH • Harsh conditions as in South • Laws forbade them from owning weapons and getting together • Rebellions • 1712 New York 21 executed • 1741 fear of a potential uprising – leads to burning alive of 13 slaves & hanging of 18 other slaves
The Commercial North • Women In Northern Society • Northern Colonial Wives • Lots of work • No legal rights • No vote • Could not enter into contracts • Could not buy or sell property • Could not keep their own wages (if they worked outside home) • Only single women/ widows could run their own business
The Commercial North • Salem Witch Trials – Feb 1692 • Environment of Fear due to • Strict limits on women • Fear of Native American attack • RELIGIOUS FANATICISM • False accusations • 19 Hanged • 01 Crushed to Death • 150 Imprisoned
The Commercial North • New Ideas Influence the Colonists • The Enlightenment & Religion • Beginning around the Renaissance period, humans began to look beyond religious tenets to answer questions about the workings of the world • Individuals moved from belief in spiritual prescripts to scientific research & methodologies • As humans began to find that mathematical logic could be used to address many of the physical wonders of the universe – the authoritarian position of the church and religion weakened
The Commercial North • New Ideas Influence the Colonists • The Enlightenment & Authoritarian Govt’s • As with religion, some European & Colonial figures began to reflect upon the rights of an individual • This concept challenged the current notion that a ruling class/government did not have the authority to deny its people what are considered to be natural rights
The Commercial North • New Ideas Influence the Colonists • The Great Awakening • Puritans losing control of their region • Remember Charter of 1691 that demanded tolerance • Membership decreasing • People are focused on the Material World not the Here-After • Two approaches are taken to try to retain/grow membership • “Old Lights” rely upon authoritarian means • “New Lights” travel the colonies & use revival meetings to convert / attract members • New Denominations – e.g., Baptists, Methodists
The Commercial North • New Ideas Influence the Colonists • Enlightenment stressed human rights & reasoning • The Great Awakening stressed the importance of the individual & de-emphasized the role of church authority
