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Electromagnetic fields in the household

Electromagnetic fields in the household. Definition EMF/EMVU Legal situation in Switzerland Official journal, low-voltage directive, harmonized standards EN 50366 / 62233: Household and similar appliances – EMF EN / IEC 62439 Luminaires – EMF (future standard)

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Electromagnetic fields in the household

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  1. Electromagnetic fields in the household Definition EMF/EMVU Legal situation in Switzerland Official journal, low-voltage directive, harmonized standards EN 50366 / 62233: Household and similar appliances – EMF EN / IEC 62439 Luminaires – EMF (future standard) Conclusions, questions, discussion Christoph Hauser, Electrosuisse "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  2. Electromagnetic fields • EMF: ElectroMagnetic Fields • EMVU: ElektroMagnetische Verträglichkeit zur Umwelt • EMF is the ability of a device, equipment or system to work satisfactorily in its environment without causing interferences that would be unacceptable to all living organisms in this environment. It therefore includes thermal and nonthermal effects of electromagnetic fields on biological systems. • Source in German: http://www.bonatz-elektronik.de/sicherheitsabstand.htm "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  3. Legal situation in Switzerland Verordnung vom 9. April 1997 über elektrische 734.26 Niederspannungserzeugnisse (NEV) vom 9. April 1997 (Stand am 28. Dezember 2000) ..... Art. 4 Grundlegende Anforderungen 1 Niederspannungserzeugnisse zur Verwendung mit einer Nennspannung zwischen 50 V und 1000 V Wechselspannung oder zwischen 75 V und 1500 V Gleichspannung dürfen nur in Verkehr gebracht werden, wenn sie den grundlegenden Anforderungen nach Anhang I der EG-Richtlinie 73/23 vom 19. Februar 1973 zur Angleichung der Rechtsvorschriften der Mitgliedstaaten betreffend elektrische Betriebsmittel zur Verwendung innerhalb bestimmter Spannungsgrenzen (Niederspannungsrichtlinie) entsprechen. ..... http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c734_26.html "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  4. Official journal, harmonized standards The lists of harmonized standards are published in the Official Journal (OJ) and may be downloaded from the EU-Servers: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/documents Click on tab: harmonised-standards-legislation The harmonized standards concerning EMF for household appliances are covered by the Low-voltage-directive 2006/95/EC (formerly 73/23/EWG) Actual document: 2009/C 126/02, dated 2006-06-05 Wether an European standard already is published as a national standard SN can be checked in the webstore for standards of Electrosuisse: Search for EN standards: http://www.normenshop.ch "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  5. Low voltage directive: harmonized EMF standards Standard Products / frequency range EN 50364:2001 Radio frequency identification (RFID) / 0 – 10 GHz EN 50366:2003 Household and similar electrical appliances / 10 Hz – 400kHz EN 62233:2008 EN 50445:2008 Resistance and arc welding appliances / 0 Hz – 300 GHz EN 50371:2002 Generic standard: low power apparatus / 10 MHz – 300 GHzEN 62311:2008 Generic standard: electronic equipment / 0 Hz – 300 GHz Other EMF standards have been published under the telecom directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE). "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  6. Fixed installations or workplace: National requirements Requirement Country and covered frequency range NISV Switzerland 0 – 300 GHz http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/8/814.710.de.pdf BGV B11 Germany 0 – 300 GHz http://www.bgfw.net/informationen/bgv/bgv_b11.pdf The limits of NISV and BGV B11 are based on the recommendations of ICNIRP and/or the European council recommendation 1999/519/EC. This document contains values for the exposure of the general public. ICNIRP: International Commission on non-ionizing radiation protectionNISV: „Nicht-ionisierende Strahlungs-Verordnung“ (Ordinance relating to protection from non-ionizing radiation) "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  7. EN 50366 / 62233: Household and similar appliances – Elektromagnetic fields – Methods for evaluation and measurement • Scope: household appliances, toys and portable tools • Excluded: personal computers, audio / video equipment, installations • Measurement of magnetic flux density in the frequency range 10 Hz – 400 kHz against reference values of recommendation 1999/519/EC • Appliances with operating frequencies outside this range are deemedto comply unless otherwise specified in 60335 series. • The electric field will not be measured, if the appliance has no voltages above 1000 V "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  8. Reference values (recommendation 1999/519/EC) covered byEN 50366 or IEC/EN 62233: 10 Hz – 400 kHz "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  9. EN 50366 / 62233: Measurement equipment Advantage: direct reading in percent (%) of the reference values "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  10. EN 50366 / 62233 : Experiences • Most important parameter is the operating distance ! • Typical values in % of the reference value Household equipment 1-7%Portable tools (30 cm) 5-15%Hairdryer (10 cm) 10-20%Hairclipper (0 cm) up to 100% • If the reference value of 100% isreached, a coupling factor has tobe determined and used • The standard contains tables withuser distances and operatingconditions for typical appliances "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  11. Special case: induction hobs and hotplates Annex A: Test conditions for induction hobs and hotplates Typical values up to 50%of the reference values "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  12. EN 50366 / 62233: Statistics from our laboratory • Appliances tested since 2003 approx. 600 • Coupling factor used approx. 20 • Special inquiry necessary 1 • Measurement of E-field 4 • Failed 0 Products with air gaps or high currents give the highest measures. Examples: - squirrel-cage motors (short-circuit-rotors) - pivot motors (oscillating, vibrating motors) - aquarium pumps "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  13. NORME CEI INTERNATIONALE IEC INTERNATIONAL 62493 STANDARDPremière édition First edition 2010-0x ================================== Évaluation d‘un équipment d‘éclairage relativement à l‘éxposition humaine aux champs électromagnétiques Assessment of lighting equipment related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields ........ IEC 62493 Ed. 1 / EN 62493: EMF of luminaires Progress of project: • 34/100/NP issued 2006-06-09 • 34/133/FDIS distributed 2009-08-28 • 34/137/RVD approved 2009-11-13 • IEC publication expected 1.Q.2010 • EN publication expected 1.Q.2010 • Listing in LVD 2006/95 in 2010 ? "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  14. IEC / EN 62493: Assessment of lighting equipment related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields • Scope: lighting equipment for general lighting • Excluded: lighting for use in transportation vehicles • Measurement of current density / frequency range 20 kHz – 10 MHz Comparison to reference values of ICNIRP/IEEE • Compliance for specific absorption rate SAR for frequency range 100 kHz – 300 MHz is based on EMC standard CISPR 15 / EN 55015 with its ammendments • Frequencies above 300 MHz are neglected IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electroics Engineers "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  15. Exposure limits (basic restrictions ICNIRP / IEEE) covered byIEC/EN 62493: 20 kHz – 10 MHz IEC/EN 62493: SAR covered100 kHz – 300 MHz "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  16. Requirement: EMC standard CISPR 15 / EN 55015 • Indispensable reference to CISPR 15:2005 + A1:2006 • Disturbance voltage 20 kHz – 30 MHzmeasured at mains port (CISPR 15: 9 kHz – 30 MHz) • Electromagnetic field 30 MHz – 300 MHzmeasured on a test siteor with the independent CDN – method • Magnetic field 100 kHz – 30 MHzmeasured with VanVeen-loop(CISPR 15: 9 kHz – 30 MHz) CISPR: Comité International spécial des perturbations radioélectriques Special international committee on radio interference "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  17. IEC / EN 62493: Assessment method CISPR15Voltage Disturbance Prad,max<6 mW CISPR15Radiated Disturbance Prad,max<0.1 mW  60 nT,neglected CISPR15Radiatedmagnetic field <1.7% of limit,neglected Van der Hoofdentest head:Result has to be < 85% of limit "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  18. IEC / EN 62493: Measurement test-head "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  19. IEC / EN 62493: Protection network "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  20. Direct measurements with E-field probe • Very low values "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  21. First experiences with test-head • also very low values • probably „unsuitable“sample • protection network not yet calibrated Will be continued and implemented in 2010 "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  22. Conclusions EN 50366 / 62233: Household appliances • Relatively easy measurements for most appliances • Limits probably somewhat „toothless“, even with reduced distance 30 cm • Alternative methods not necessary in practice • Engineering judgement only possible in a few cases EN / IEC 62493: Luminaires • Also relatively easy measurements ? • Existing EMC-measures are considered as much as possible • Limits probably also easy to fulfill ? • Engineering judgement only possible in a few cases "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

  23. Questions, discussion ? ! "Electrosmog" - risk assessment & public perception 2009-12-21

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