Meaningful Design & Meaningful Learning Paul Akerlund

1. Meaningful Design &Meaningful Learning Paul Akerlund ESL Adult Usage of Media and Design Components of Meaningful LEARNING

2. Agenda • Instructional Analysis • Draft documents • Team work • Individual work • Human-Interface Design Issues • Apple – multimedia activity • Heuristic Evaluation • Model sites from Discussion Board • System Specifications • Visual Map • Design Notebook • Homework

3. Uses of MM • How can we help learners understand a concept with a multimedia explanation?

4. What is MM?

5. Two Approaches - • Technology Centered • Information acquisition • Goal: Adding information • Learner: Passive information receiver • Module: Information provider • Learner-Centered Approach • Knowledge construction • Goal: Aiding cognition • Learner: Active sense-maker • Module: Cognitive guide

6. Cognitive Theory of MM • Three Assumptions • Two channels of input: visual + auditory • Limited working memory needed - cognitive load • Active learning • Select relevant information/module • Organize information • Integrate information

8. Role of Modality in Verbal Info • Two groups of students presented MM • Group AN: animation+narration • Group AT: animation+text

9. Split-Attention Effect

10. Split-Attention Principle • Students learn better when the instructional material does not require them to split their attention between multiple sources of mutually referring information

11. Modality Principle • Students learn better when the verbal information is presented auditorily as speech rather than visually as onscreen text both for simultaneous and sequential presentations.

12. Spatial Contiguity Principle • Students learn better when on-screen text and visuals are physically integrated rather than separate.

13. Temporal Contiguity Principle • Students learn better when verbal and visual materials are temporarily synchronized rather than separated in time.

14. Auditory Working Memory • Would adding bells and whistles (background music, blinking animations) improve the quality of a multimedia message?

15. Coherence Principle • When presenting using MM, only include complimentary stimuli that are relevant to the content of the lesson.

16. Recap of MM Principles • Attention - don’t divide the focus • Mode of input - use audio rather than text with visuals • Spatial - integrate text and visuals together • Time - synchronize voice and visual • Auditory memory - don’t distract with extraneous auditory stimuli • Coherence - don’t distract with irrelevant stimuli (blinking, flashing, animation)

17. System Specifications Exercise • Here is your template • Creating a visual map • Using your Design Notebook

18. What are the possible tools? • Brainstorming