Flavor Beyond the Standard Model

1. Flavor Beyond the Standard Model ZurabTavartkiladze, Gela Devidze Tbilisi State University Volkswagen meeting 14, 15 March 2013, Tbilisi

2. G.G. Devidze - Flavor Beyond the Standard Model “THE REGIONAL TRAINING CENTER IN THEORETICAL HYSICS” The Methods of the Quantum Field Theory: Particle Physics of Standard Model and Beyond; Intersection with Cosmology, ZurabTavartkiladze. Associate Professor at Ilia State University. zurab.tavartkiladze@gmail.com Center for Elementary Particle Physics, ITP. Ilia State University, CholokashviliAv. 3-5, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia Gela Devidze High Energy Physics Institute of Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 9, University str. 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia. g.devidze@hepi.edu.ge gela.devidze@tsu.ge Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15

3. G.G. Devidze - Flavor Beyond the Standard Model The Methods of the Quantum Field Theory: Particle Physics of Standard Model and Beyond; Intersection with Cosmology, Introduction Main properties of elementary particles and their classification (4 hours). Electromagnetism and weak interactions before the standard model (4 hours). Basic electromagnetic processes: Compton scattering, pair annihilation, charged particles scattering (4 hours). Weak processes at tree level. Muon decay, Pion decay. (4 hours). Towards the standard model. Spontaneous symmetry breaking. Higgs mechanism. (8 hours) Lagranjian of the standard model (4 hours). Higgs boson in the standard model. Mass and couplings of the Higgs boson. Production and decay of the Higgs Boson. (4 hours) Properties of the gauge bosons in the standard model. Decays of W, Z bosons into fermions. The number of light neutrino generations. (6 hours) The unitary triangle. (6 hours) Dynamics of the standard model. CP violation in K mesons. CP violation in B mesons. (6 hours) Flavor violation processes in the standard model. (6 hours). Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15

4. Z.Tavartkiladze- Flavor Beyond the Standard Model The Methods of the Quantum Field Theory: Particle Physics of Standard Model and Beyond; Intersection with Cosmology • Introduction to II Semester. (3 hours) • Standard Model (SM) as Theory of Strong and Electroweak Interactions. Main Phenomenological Aspects. Summary. • Problems and Puzzles with SM. . (2 hours) • Supersymmetric (SUSY) Theories and Their Main Properties. (8 hours) • Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and Its Phenomenology. (8 hours) • Need for Going Beyond SM and MSSM. . (2 hours) • Neutrino Masses and Mixings. . (3 hours) • Neutrino mass generation mechanisms. Their phenomenology and implications. • Grand Unified Theories (GUT). . (10 hours) • SUSY GUTs: SU(5) and SO(10). Symmetry breaking. Baryon and Lepton number violation. Proton decay. Neutrino masses. • Flavor Problem. . (5 hours) • Observed hierarchies between fermion masses and mixings. Flavor symmetries. • Various Scenarios and Models of Neutrino Masses and Mixings. Application of Flavor Symmetries. . (4 hours) • Constraints on New Physics. (3 hours) • Electroweak precision test and constraints from various experiments. • Baryon Asymmetry. . (8 hours) • Observed Baryon Asymmetry of The Universe. Baryogenesis through Leptogenesis. Leptogenesisschenarios, various implications. Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15

5. G.G. Devidze - Flavor Beyond the Standard Model Exciting time is for fundamental physics, after the LHC experiments announced about discovery of neutral Higgs particle on July the 4th. Many in the community expect a new paradigm to emerge around the TeV scale, be it some variant of SUSY or of Technicolour or something even more radical, like extra (space) dimensions. Those novel structures can manifest themselves directly through the production of new quanta or the topology of events or indirectly by inducing forces that modify rare weak decays. Such indirect searches are not a luxury. We consider it likely that to differentiate between different scenarios of New Physics, one needs to analyze their impact on flavor dynamics. Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15

6. G.G. Devidze - Flavor Beyond the Standard Model Processes, which are highly suppressed in the Standard Model (SM), such as decays mediated by flavour changing neutral currents (FCNC) allow stringent tests of our current understanding of particle physics. These transitions are forbidden at tree level in the SM, as all electrically neutral particles have only diagonal couplings in the flavor space. FCNC processes are therefore only allowed through loop contributions and probe the underlying fundamental theory at the quantum level, where they are sensitive to masses much higher than that of the b-quark. Historically, many observations have first been indicated by FCNC processes, examples include the existence of the charm quark or the high top quark mass. Enhancements of the decay rates of these FCNC decays are predicted in a variety of different New Physics models. Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15

7. G.G. Devidze - Flavor Beyond the Standard Model • Heavy quarks rare decays. • Lepton flavour violating decays like μ →eg, t →eg , t →mg , decays with three leptons in the final state and m −e conversion in nuclei. • Electric dipole moments of the neutron, the electron, atoms and leptons. • Anomalous magnetic moment of the muon Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15

8. G.G. Devidze - Flavor Beyond the Standard Model • Heavy quarks rare decays. Br(t →cg)=5 ∙10-11, Br(t →cg)=5 ∙10-13, Br(t →cZ)=1.3 ∙10-11 , Br(t →ch)= 10-13 , Even single experimental observation for any top rare processes could be breakthrough beyond the SM physics. • Lepton flavour violating decays like μ →eg, t →eg , t →mg , decays with three leptons in the final state and m −e conversion in nuclei. Br(μ →eg)SM < 10-54, Br(μ →eg)exp < 10-12 Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15

9. G.G. Devidze - Flavor Beyond the Standard Model COMET (COherentMuon to Electron Transition), to search for coherent neutrino-less conversion of muons to electrons (μ−−e− conversion), in the presence of a nucleus, μ− + N(A,Z) → e− + N(A,Z), with a single event sensitivity B(μ−N → e−N) < 10−16. Currently, the search for possible flavor violation of the muon is considered to be a powerful and the most sensitive tool to reveal or restrict a new physics beyond the SM. μ− + N(A,Z) → e − + N(A,Z), The muon system is considered to be the best system in which to study cLFV experiments because of following reasons: • Intense muon beam can be obtained at meson factories • Muon life time is rather long . • Final states are very simple and can be precisely measured. • Observation of cLFV would indicate a clear signal of physics beyond the SM. • Search cLFV is especially promising to probe the Tev-scale physics. m-e conversion at level 10-16-18 The big challenge and great discovery petential! Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15

10. G.G. Devidze - Flavor Beyond the Standard Model We have studied manifestation of NP in rare processes. Our attention was devoted to lepton flavour violation processes, top quark and neutral B-meson rare decays. Numerical estimates show that in case of B-meson double radiative decays we can get a difference from SM-result as much as ~O(10%). We have estimated lepton flavour violation processesrates and concluded that three body decays and m −e conversion seem more favourable then radiative decays. Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15

11. G.G. Devidze - Flavor Beyond the Standard Model We are at the beginning of a new era which certainly will bring us first more detailed insights into the physics at short distance scales. The interplay of high energy collider results with the flavour precision experiments will allow us to make important steps towards a New Standard Model. Volkswagen meeting, Tbilisi 2013, March 15