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Pituitary Disorders

Pituitary Disorders. PITUITARY DISORDERS. ANT. PITUITARY : ( UNDER INFLUENCE OF HYPTHALAMUS  RELEASING HORMONES ALL RELEASING HORMONES ARE STIMULATORY EXCEPT DOPMAMINE  INHIBITS PROLACTIN & SOMATOSTAIN  GH. Hypothalamic pituitary axis.

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Pituitary Disorders

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  1. Pituitary Disorders

  2. PITUITARY DISORDERS ANT. PITUITARY : ( UNDER INFLUENCE OF HYPTHALAMUS  RELEASING HORMONES ALL RELEASING HORMONES ARE STIMULATORY EXCEPT DOPMAMINE  INHIBITS PROLACTIN & SOMATOSTAIN  GH

  3. Hypothalamic pituitary axis

  4. ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES 1. GH : INCREASED BY GRH , SLEEP , STRESS , EXERCISE , HYPOGLYCEMIA , CLONIDINE2. PROLACTIN : WHEN THERE IS INTERFERENCE WITH DOPAMINE ACTION OR SECRTION , PREGNANCY & LACTATION.3. ACTH :  BY CRH , STRESS 4. TSH :  BY TRH STIMULATION5. FSH & LH : INCREASED BY STIMULATION FROM GnRH

  5. FSH : STIMULATES TESTICULAR GROWTH & SPERMATOGENESISIN WOMEN : IT STIMULATES PRODUCTION OF ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE . STIMULATES OVULATION.

  6. Negative feedback mechanism

  7. Amenorrhea- galactorrhea

  8. AMENNORRHEA –GALACTORRHEACAUSED BY INCREASED PROLACTINCAUSES : 1. HYPOTHYROIDISM 2.DRUGS : WHICH INTERFERE WITH DOPAMINE SECRETION OR ACTION( Phenothiazines , Metoclopramide , Methyl-dopa ) 3. Prolactinoma : PROLACTIN SECRETING ADENOMA

  9. CLINICAL FEATURES :IN WOMEN : GALACTORRHEA , AMENORRHEA & INFERTILITYIN MEN : DECREASED LIBIDO , IMPOTENE INFERTILITYDIAGNOSIS : 1. HORMONAL : PROLACTIN LEVEL ( A VERY HIGH LEVEL SUGGESTE A PROLACTINOMA ) 2. RADIOLOGICAL : IN PROLACTINOMA : CT OR MRI OF THE PITUITARY< 1 CM (MICROADENOMA)> 1CM (MACROADENOMA)

  10. Treatment of Prolactinoma • Medical : dopamine agonists ( they reduce prolactin levels and reduce tumor size) Bromocriptine or Cabergoline • Surgical : for big invasive tumors

  11. Response of prolactinoma to DA

  12. acromegaly • PRODUCED BY GH PRODUCING ADENOMA , IN CHILDHOOD IT IS CALLED GIGANTISM. CLINICAL FEATURES : 1. DUE TO THE TUMOR (USUALLY LARGE MACRO ADENOMA MORE THAN 1 CM IN SIZE) : HEADACHE , DIZZINESS . BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPIA . 2. DUE TO INVASION AND DESTRUCTION OF THE PITUITARY  LACK OF SECRETION OF OTHER HORMONES

  13. 3. DUE TO THE INCREASED GHPROUCTION:

  14. ACRAL AND SOFT TISSUEENALRGEMENT  LARGETHICK HANDS & FEETTHICK SKIN , OILY AND SWEATYVISCEROMEGALYGENERALIZED SYMPTOMS FATIGUE , LETHARGY & SLEEPINESS .

  15. Acromegaly

  16. Acromegaly

  17. ARTHRALGIA & DEGENERATIVE ARTHRITSCARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE & DIABETES CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS :CARDIOMEGALY AND CHF

  18. DIAGNOSIS :1. CLINICAL PICTURE2. HORMONAL DIAGNOSIS : MEASURE GH DURING OGTT (LACK SUPPRESSION OF GH ) .3. MEASURE IGF-1 : HIGH IN ALL PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY .4. RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS : SKULL X-RAY : THICK HEEL PAD≥22MM CT OR MRI OF THE SELLA TURCICA TREATMENT : 1. SURGICAL (TRANS-SPHENOIDAL) ADENOMECTOMY 2. RADIOTHERAPY 3. MEDICAL : SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUES

  19. PITUITARY SURGERY

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