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Amines

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Amines

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    1. Amines By: Dr. Siham Lahsasni

    2. Structure and classification of amines

    3. Nomenclature of Amines Common: Listing the alkyl groups and adding the suffix amine. IUPAC: The amino group is considered the substituent, and its position on the chain is indicated by the lowest number.

    4. Methyl amine Benzyl methyl amine Trimethyl amine Tetramethyl ammonium bromide 3-Amino-5-methylhexane 5-Aminoheptanoic acid 3-Amino-2-butanol Aniline o-Nitroaniline p-Toluidine p-aminophenol p-nitro-N-ethylaniline

    5. Physical properties of Amines Because they possess a polar N-H bond, primary and secondary amines are capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding: Higher boiling points than alkanes but lower than alcohols. All amines are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water: Soluble in water.

    6. Basicity of Amines Amines basic because N has non bonded pair of electrons which can be donated to an acid to form ammonium salt. base strength depend on the degree of substitution (electron donating group) on N: CH3-NH-CH3 > NH2-CH3 > NH3. Tertiary amine have the lower basicity because the alkyl groups attached in nitrogen. Aliphatic amines are considerably more basic than aromatics amines.

    8. Preparation of amines 1- Reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles, amides, and oximes

    9. 2- Alkylation of ammonia: Methods Hoffman

    10. 3- Hoffman degradation of Amides

    11. 4- Gabriel method

    12. 5- From carbonyl groups

    13. Reactions of Amines

    17. 3- Alkylation : Hoffman reaction

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