18.3 Notes

1. 18.3 Notes • During the 1300’s Turkish Muslims controlled _______ • ________ was the capital • By the 1500’s the power of the Delhi sultans had been greatly weakened. • ________ warrior princes began to challenge the sultans • This left India open to _________ attacks.

2. The Origin of the Mughal Empire • ___________________ • A descendant of the Mongol leader _________ • Tried to build an empire in central Asia, but the _________ people drove him out. • Therefore, he focused on __________ • 1526 he attacked the Sultanate of Delhi • Babur was greatly outnumbered, • But He still won the battle • Babur the Tiger • After the victory, Babur _____________ and the surrounding region. • This territory became ____________________.

3. The Growth of Mughal Power • _____________ • Babur’s grandson • _____________________ • Took the throne at _____________ and reigned from 1556 to 1605. • Gained support from his government: • Married a ____________ and gave other Rajputs government positions. • ____________ to maintain power

4. The Growth of Mughal Power • Akbar • Introduced an improved ______________ that helped him control his empire. • Taxes were based on an average of what a village might produce ______________________. • When the harvest was poor, ________________________. • In a good harvest, the villagers could keep anything above the tax level.

5. The Growth of Mughal Power • Akbar • Great supporter of the __________ • Encouraged Hindu as well as Muslim artists • Mughal artists • ______________________ • Created delicate, colorful miniature paintings • Mughals made great achievements in __________ blending: • Persian, Islamic and Hindu styles

6. Religious Policy • Akbar • _______________________ • He ________________________ that non- Muslims had been forced to pay. • He began to think of himself as a ____________ • Established a creed called the Divine Faith • The motto was: • Allahu Akbar, meaning “God is great” or “__________” • The creed blended elements of Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Christianity and other religions. • Didn’t attract much followers beyond his court • _____________________________

7. The Height of the Mughal Empire • ______________________- • Ruled from 1628-1558 • The ________________________ during his reign. • The empire had expanded to reach its greatest extent territory • Including both ____________________________

8. The Height of the Mughal Empire • Shah Jahan • Known for the two famous buildings that were constructed during his reign • ________________________ • Built as a tomb for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal • Made with marble inlaid with semiprecious gems • ________________________ • Was Shah Jahan’s palace • Carved famous lines • “If there be Paradise on Earth, It is Here, It is Here, It is Here!”

9. The Height of the Mughal Empire • These great buildings were enormously ____________ to build: • Mughals were also engaged in military campaigns against Persia. • Huge armies expensive to maintain • Shah Jahan _______________ to meet his expenses • His subjects had to pay him half of the crops they raised • Many people suffered under this burden

10. Aurangzeb • In 1657 Shah Jahan became ill • His son ___________ killed his ________ • Imprisoned ________________ • And declared himself ____________ • Aurangzeb • A devout _______________ • _______________ all other faiths in the Mughal Empire • Insisted on strict observance of Islamic holy laws • Restored the hated tax on Hindus • ________________________________

11. Aurangzeb • Aurangzeb • When crowds gathered outside the Red Fort to protest • He used _______________ to crush them