GPS ASSIGNMENT

1. GPS ASSIGNMENT Ashley Goodwin 1st Block Dr. LineBarger

2. Table of Contents • Introduction: Page 1 • Assignment #1: Pages 3-8 • Assignment #2: Pages 9-13 • Assignment # 4: Pages 14-20 • Assignment #5: Pages 21-29 • Assignment # 7: Pages 30-34 • Assignment # 9: Pages 35-40

3. GPS ASSIGNMENT SSWH#1 • SSWH1 The student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE. • A. Describe the development of Mesopotamian societies; include the religious, cultural, economic, and political facets of society, with attention to Hammurabi’s law code. • B. Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in Ancient Egypt. • C. Explain the development of monotheism; include the concepts developed by the ancient Hebrews, and Zoroastrianism. • D. Identify early trading networks and writing systems existent in the Eastern Mediterranean, including those of the Phoenicians. • E. Explain the development and importance of writing; include cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.

4. Discuss the aspects of theMesopotamia Society • People began to live and farm in Mesopotamia before 4500 B.C. around 3000 B.C. this is around the time the Sumerians arrived. • Three disadvantages to their environment: unable to predict a flood, period of little/no rain, the village was defenseless, natural resources were limited. • The earliest language written in Mesopotamia was Sumerian.

5. Explain the development of Monotheism. Define and explain Zoroastrianism. • Monotheism is the belief in one God, it comes from the Greek words mono, which means “one”, and theism which means “god-worship”. • Hebrews were Monotheists they believed in only one God which they called Yahweh. They believed Yahweh had power over all peoples, he was not a physical being, and no physical images were to be made of him. They asked him for protection from their enemies. • Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster, after whom the religion is named. In this religion water (apo,aban) and fire (atar,adar) are agents of ritual purity. Most Zoroastrians are found in India, Italy, Pakistan and Iran, communication with them is uncommon today.

6. Discuss the early trading networks and writing systems. Discuss the importance of the Phoenicians. • After Crete’s decline, the most powerful traders along the Mediterranean were the Phoenicians. Important trading cities in Phoenicia included Byblos, Tyre, and Sidon. • The Phoenicians traded goods they got from other lands wine, weapons, precious metals, ivory, and slaves. They were also known for great crafts made from wood, metal, glass and ivory. • The Phoenicians invented a quick writing system that used words for sound and they introduced this writing system to their trading partners. • The Phoenicians started the early trading systems and they invented the alphabet.

7. Define and discuss the importance of cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet. • Cuneiform is a system of writing with wedge shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians around 3000 B.C. Cuneiform was one of the first recorded languages to be used. • Hieroglyphics was an ancient Egyptian writing system where pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds. Pictures stood for ideas in hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics comes from glyph which means “sacred carving”. They played a important role in describing and understanding the past history of Egypt. • The Phoenician alphabet was a writing system that developed out of the North Semitic alphabet and was spread over the Mediterranean area by Phoenician traders.

8. Phoenician Alpahbet HEIROGLYPHICS

9. GPS Assignment SSWH #2 • SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. • A. Describe the development of Indian civilization; include the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire, the “Golden Age” under Gupta, and the emperor Ashoka. • B. Explain the development and impact of Hinduism and Buddhism on India and subsequent diffusion of Buddhism. • C. Describe the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou and Qin. • D. Explain the impact of Confucianism on Chinese culture; include the examination system, the Mandate of Heaven, the status of peasants, the status of merchants, and the patriarchal family, and explain diffusion to Southeast Asia, Japan, and Korea.

10. Discuss the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire. Discuss the Golden Age. Discuss Asoka • Chandragupta began the Maurya Empire in 321 B.C. This united India for the first time. • Government raised money through tax income, farm from trade, farming and mining. • Gupta’s grandson Asoka brought the Mauryan Empire to its greatest heights. • After his death the empire fell apart. A 500 year period of turmoil followed his death.

11. Define Hinduism and Buddhism. What impact did they have on India. • Buddhism teaches that desire causes suffering and that humans should overcome desire by following the Eightfold Path. • By 250 B.C. Hinduism and Buddhism were India's two main faiths. • Hinduism is a complex polytheistic religion that blended Aryan beliefs with the many Gods and cults of the diverse peoples who preceded them.

12. Discuss the Zhou and Qin • In the third century B.C. the Qin Dynasty replaced the Zhou Dynasty. • The ruler who founded the Qin dynasty employed Legalist ideas to subdue the warning states and unify his country. • In 202 B.C. the Qin dynasty gave way to the Han dynasty, one of the largest in Chinese history.

13. Discuss Confucianism. What impact did it have. Discuss the mandate of heaven. • Confucianism has no clergy and with no Gods to worship, Confucianism is not a real religion in the traditional sense. It’s an ethical system that provides direction for personal behavior and good government. • The Mandate of Heaven in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority. The Mandate became central to the Chinese view of government.

14. GPS ASSIGNMENT SSWH4: • A. Explain the relationship of the Byzantine Empire to the Roman Empire. • B. Describe the significance of Justinian’s law code, Theodora and the role of women, and Byzantine art and architecture. • C. Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire. • D. Analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center. • E. Explain the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia, with particular attention to its impact on Tsar Ivan III and Kiev. • F. Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism.

15. Explain the relationship of the Byzantine Empire to the Roman Empire • A separate government and difficult communications with the west gave the Byzantine Empire its own character, which was different from that of the Roman Empire. Most Byzantines spoke Greek. • In 527 a high ranking Byzantine nobleman named Justinian gained his uncles throne from the Eastern Empire. Soon he set up an complex society. He did this by establishing the Justinian Code. • The Justinian Code consisted of four major works.

16. Justinian’s code was very important. It decided legal questions that regulated whole areas of Byzantine life. Marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, women’s rights, and criminal justice were just some of those areas. Theorda was the most powerful women in Byzantine history. She came from poverty, early in life Theorda was and actress. Soon she meet Justinian, and in 525 they married. Theorda died in 548, this caused Justinian to become so depressed that he passed no major laws for the rest of his reign. Describe the significance of the Justinian’s code, Theodora and the role of women, and the Byzantine art and architecture. Byzantine Art and Architecture

17. Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire. • During the Byzantine Empire, Christianity underwent a dramatic development. It had begun to develop differently in the Western and Eastern Roman Empires due largely to the distance and lack of contact between the two regions. • As the east and west grew apart, the two traditions of Christianity competed for converts. Missionaries from the Orthodox Church, for example, took their form of Christianity to the Slavs, (groups that inhabited the forests north of the black sea.) • The two most successful missionaries, Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril, worked among the Slavs in the ninth century.

18. Analyze the role of Constantinople as trading and religious center. • The main street running through Constantinople was the Mese or “Middle Way”. Merchant stalls lines the main street and filled the side streets. Products from the most distant corners of Asia, Africa, and Europe passed through the stalls. Constantinople

19. Explain the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia with particular attention to its impact on Tsar Ivan III • Thanks to its Byzantine ties, Kiev grew from a cluster of crude wooden forts to the glittering capital of a prosperous and educated people.

20. Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism • Orthodox Christianity believes in the gospel of Jesus and in the bible. They also believe that God uses sacraments to convey his love to humans. The services are conducted in Greek or local languages. • The largest of the Eastern Orthodox churches is the Russian Orthodox Church. It claims 90 million members worldwide. • Schism was a major split within an established religious denomination, usually on the grounds of differences in belief or practice, leading to the setting up of a separate breakaway organization, or the offense of causing such a split

21. GPS Assignment SSWH #5: • A. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. • B. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. • C. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims. • D. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta). • E. Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe. • F. Analyze the impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire; include the stabilization of trading networks from China to the Mediterranean world. • G. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

22. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. • Islam means “ submission to the will of Allah.” Their God is called Allah. The founder of Islam is Muhammad, the holy book they use is called Qur'an. Islam has no clergy but a scholar class called the Ulama and the Imam, who may lead prayers. • Person achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and having a just life. These pillars are: faith, prayer, almsgiving, or charity to the poor, fasting which Muslims perform during Ramadan: pilgrimage to Mecca.

23. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. • Two major sea-trading networks existed the Mediterranean sea and the Indian Ocean. Through these networks, the Muslim Empire could engage in sea trade with the rest of the world.

24. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims

25. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography ( Ibn Battuta) • IBN Battuta(1325) traveled to Mecca for a pilgrimage and while there he decided to devote his life to travel. He dictated a book that was an encyclopedia of Islamic practices around the world. He was an Moroccan Muslim scholar and traveler who is known for the account of his travels and excursions. His journeys lasted for a period of nearly thirty years and covered almost the entirety of the known Islamic world and beyond, extending from North Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Easter Europe in the West, to the Middle East, Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance readily surpassing that of his predecessors and his near-contemporary Marco Polo. • IBN Sina was born in 980 C.E. in the village of Shana near Bulchara Russia. His father Abdullah, was from Balkh and his mother near Bukhara. He turned his attention to Medicine at the age of 17 years and found it, in his own words, "not difficult". However he was greatly troubled by metaphysical problems and in particular the works of Aristotle.

26. IBN SINA IBN Battutta

27. Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe. • The Crusades are a forceful example of the power of the church during the medieval period. The call to go to the Holy Land encouraged thousands to leave their homes and travel to faraway lands. Those who stayed home, especially women had a chance to manage affairs on the estates or to operate shops and inns.

28. Analyze the impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire; include the stabilization of trading networks from Mediterranean world. • Around 1200, a Mongol clan leader Temujin sought to unify the Mongols under his leadership. He fought and defeated his rivals one by one. Over the next 21 years Genghis led the Mongols in conquering much of Asia. • His first goal was China. Soon Central Asia was under Mongol control. Shortly after Genghis died the Mongols conquered territory from China to Poland. • The Mongols guaranteed safe passage for trade, caravans, travelers, and missionaries from one end of the empire to another. Trade between Europe and Asia had never been more active. Ideas and inventions traveled along with the trade goods.

29. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

30. GPS Assignment SSWH #7: • A. Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the importance of Charlemagne. • B. Describe the political impact of Christianity; include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV. • C. Explain the role of the church in medieval society. • D. Describe how increasing trade led to the growth of towns and cities.

31. Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the importance of Charlemagne. • During the Middle Ages, the manor system was the basic economic arrangement. The manor rested on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs. • The manor was a largely self-sufficient community. The serfs and peasants raised or produced early everything that they needed and what their lord needed for daily life- crops, milk, cheese, fuel, cloth, leather goods, and lumber. • Peasants paid tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill. Peasants also paid tax on marriage. • Charlemagne or “Charles the Great” ruled the kingdom. He conquered new lands to both the south and the east. Through these conquest Charlemagne spread Christianity. He reunited Western Europe for the for first time since the Roman Empire.

32. Describe the political impact of Christianity; include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV. • The Church was not happy that kings such as Otto, had control over clergy and their offices. It especially resented the practice of lay investiture, a ceremony where Kings and nobles appointed Church officials. Church reformers felt that King’s should not have power like that. In 1075, Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture. The furious German emperor, Henry IV, called a meeting of the German bishops he appointed. The emperor ordered Gregory to step down from papacy. Gregory excommunicated Henry. German bishops sided with the pope.

33. Explain the role of the church in medieval society. • When Charlemagne was crowned as the Roman Emperor in 800, the Church sought to influence both spiritual and political matters. The Church had it’s own organization. Power was based on status. The structure of the Church consisted of three different ranks of clergy( religious officials). • The Pope in Rome headed the Church. All clergy including bishops, and priest fell under his authority. Bishops supervised priests, the lowest ranking members of the clergy. • The Church established courts to try people accused of violating canon law.

34. Describe how increasing trade led to the growth of towns and cities. • Most trade took place in towns. People visited the stalls set up by merchants from all parts of Europe. Cloth was the most common trade. Other items included bacon, salt, honey, cheese, wine, leather, dyes, knives, and ropes. Local markets met all the needs of daily life for a small community. • Trade routes spread across Europe from Flanders to Italy.

35. GPS Assignment SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation. • A. Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of Florence and the ideas of Machiavelli. • B. Identify artistic and scientific achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the “Renaissance man,” and Michelangelo. • C. Explain the main characteristics of humanism; include the ideas of Petrarch, Dante, and Erasmus. • D. Analyze the impact of the Protestant Reformation; include the ideas of Martin Luther and John Calvin. • E. Describe the Counter Reformation at the Council of Trent and the role of the Jesuits. • F. Describe the English Reformation and the role of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. • G. Explain the importance of Gutenberg and the invention of the printing press.

36. Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of Florence and the ideas of Machiavelli. • A wealthy merchant class developed in each Italian city- state. City- states like Milan and Florence were relatively small, a high percentage of citizens could be intensely involved in political life. Merchants dominated politics. Many merchants believed they deserved power and wealth because of their individualities.

37. Identify artistic and scientific achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the “Renaissance man,” and Michelangelo. • Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. A true “Renaissance Man” he was interested in how things worked. He studied how a muscle moves and how veins are arranged in a leaf. • Leonardo painted one of the best known portraits in the world, “ The Mona Lisa.” He also produced a famous religious painting “ The Lat Supper.” • Michelangelo is most famous for the way he portrayed the human body in painting and sculpture. He created figures that are forceful and show heroic grandeur. One of his best achievements are “ The Dome of St. Peter’s” this painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the structure of Pavid.

38. Explain the main characteristics of humanism; include the ideas of Petrarch, Dante, and Erasmus. • Humanism was a system of thought that is based on the values, characteristics, and behavior that are believed to be best in human beings, rather than on any supernatural authority • Francesco Petrarch was one of the earliest and most influential humanist. Some have called him the father of Renaissance humanism. The study of classical texts led to humanism, and intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.

39. Analyze the impact of the Protestant Reformation; include the ideas of Martin Luther and John Calvin. • Martin Luther’s parents wanted him to become a lawyer. Instead he became a monk and a teacher. From 1512 until his death he taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg in the German state of Saxony. All he wanted was to be a good Christian and not to lead a religious revolution. • Protestantism is a branch of Christianity. It developed during the reformation ( the 16th century protest in Europe against beliefs an practices of the Catholic Church.) • Three distinct branches of Protestantism emerged at first. They included: Lutheranism, based on the teachings of John Calvin in Switzerland, and Anglicanism, which was established by King Henry VIII in England. Protestantism spread through Europe in the 16th century, and later the world.

40. Describe the Counter Reformation at the Council of Trent and the role of the Jesuits. • To help Catholics remain loyal was a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself. This movement was known as the “Catholic/counter Reformation.” Important leaders in this movement were reformers such as: Ignatius of Loyola, who founded new religious orders and two popes. • In 1540, the pope created a religious order for his followers called the society of Jesus. Members were called Jesuit. The Jesuits focused on three activities. First they founded schools throughout Europe the second mission was to convert no Christians to Catholicism. Their third goal was to stop the spread of Protestantism.

41. All information came from the 10th Grade World History Book. The pictures came from www.google.com • Thank You