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Institut de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (IMMI)

New Challenges in Infectious Diseases. Institut de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (IMMI). Pr Jean François Delfraissy Dr Bernadette Murgue. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea. Other infections. Non infectious. The Heavy Burden of Infectious Diseases.

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Institut de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (IMMI)

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  1. New Challenges in InfectiousDiseases Institut de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (IMMI) Pr Jean François Delfraissy Dr Bernadette Murgue

  2. Pneumonia Diarrhoea Other infections Non infectious The Heavy Burden of Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases account for 26% of all deaths worldwide Leading cause of mortality in ressources limited countries Two-thirds of worldwide deaths in children <5 years old 18% % of deaths 36% 15% 31% 2

  3. New pathogens and diseases: 1983-2010 Year Agent Disease 1983 HIV AIDS 1983 Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer disease 1985 Enterocytozoon bieneusi Microsporidiosis 1986 Cyclospora cayatenensis Cyclosporidiosis 1988 Human Herpes 6 Roseola infantum 1988 Hepatitis E virus Hepatitis E 1989 Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichiosis 1989 Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C 1989 Guanarito virus Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever 1992 Bartonella henselae Cat scratch disease 1993 Sin nombre virus Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 1 994 Sabia virus Brazilian hemorrhagic fever 1995 Human herpesvirus 8 Kaposi sarcoma Avian influenza 1997 H5N1 1999 Nipah virus Nipah virus disease 2003 SARS Coronavirus SARS 2009 A/H1N1v Influenza pandemic 2010… NDM-1 Multiresistant bacteria 2…. ??? ???

  4. Emergence: a global threat • Newly apparent in the human population e.g. AIDS, Ebola, SRAS, H5N1, H1N1 • Rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range e.g. dengue, chikungunya, West Nile • Multiresistant pathogens e.g Tuberculosis NDM-1, E. Coli (O 104)

  5. Medical and Scientific challenges (1) • Resistance : Tuberculosis, Bacteria, MDR… • Transmission of infection (mechanisms, nosocomial…) • Vaccination: new vaccines, immunity, SHS… • Emerging diseases; zoonosis, human ecology, biodiversity • Infectious agents and non infectious diseases: cancer, cardiovascular, obesity, allergy, inflammation,… • The commensal microbiota : from homeostasis to disease • The big 3 : HIV, Tuberculosis, Malaria

  6. Medical and Scientific challenges (2) • Discovery of new viruses, new bacteria • New technologies : deep sequencing, omics… • Molecular basis of host defense • Microbial and host biodiversity • Biomarkers, Point of care, Pharmacogenomics

  7. Microbiology and InfectiousDiseasesKey points : France 2011 • Main Institutions : Institut Pasteur, Inserm, CNRS, IRD • Others: ANRS, CEA, CIRAD, INRA, Universités • 12% of French research forces: 300 teams, 2000 Scientists & Technical staff • 18% French biomedical publications: 5000 publications per year • 1 Network of vaccine research centres • Translationnal and clinicalresearch: 35 clinicalunitsinvolved, including HIV and hepatits • 4 large research network in ressources limited countries

  8. French International Research Network

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