Road to the Constitution Test

1. Road to the Constitution Test 2nd 9 Weeks Test Study Guide

2. This “Big Idea”said that all people must follow the laws, and that the laws are enforced fairly. Rule of Law 2. This was a government document which limited the power of the king and protected the rights of the English nobility. Magna Carta 3. Self-Government is the idea that people can create and run their own government.

3. 4. The first Englishmen came to America looking for what 3 things? Silver, gold, and a water-way to Asia 5. Englishmen were granted a _____________ which gave them permission to set up a colony in America. charter 6. This agreement signed by the Plymouth colonists while still on board the Mayflower, established a majority-rule government where all men would vote on issues that came up. The Mayflower Compact

4. 7. What are Rights? A set of things that people believe they should be free to do without restriction. 8. The representative group that makes laws and stands up for people’s rights in England, and is similar to the U.S. Congress is called Parliament 9. The ________________forced colonists to house British troops. Quartering Acts

5. 10. The Townshend Revenue Act taxed things the colonists couldn’t make for themselves like Paint, glass, paper, lead, and tea English Bill of Rights 11. The __________________________ was a government document that gave more power to Parliament, more rights to people, and limited the power of the King. 12. Because of this act, the colonist were dependent on the King and had to follow the laws of England. Declaratory Act

6. Cato’s Letters 13. _________________was a collection of letters that were written to convince people to support freedom of expression and to fight against the rule of the British Government. 14. The British passed the Stamp Act which forced colonists to put expensive stamps on legal documents as well as newspapers, calendars, and almanacs. 15. This “Big Idea” says that people have a right to fair and reasonable laws. Officials have to follow rules when enforcing laws and treat all people the same. What is the name of this “Big Idea”? Due Process

7. 16. This type of government has been limited in power by a constitution or a written agreement. Limited Government 17. After gaining their independence from Britain, colonists were seeking a government that …….. • Had enough power to do its job • Didn’t give anyone too much power • Considered the needs of all of the states • Let citizens have a say in government • Protected individual rights 18. A ____________________________is a group of individuals united together for a purpose. confederation

8. 19. According to the Articles of Confederation, the 13 states would be governed as one nation. What are the 4 basic concepts of how states would be governed under the Articles of Confederation? • Each state was independent and had its own government • Each state would send representatives to the “Congress of the Confederation”, a lawmaking body • Congress was the only branch of government (no president or courts) • In Congress, each state got one vote

9. 20. Articles of Confederation Pros • States got to keep their power and independence • There was no powerful government telling states what to do • Created a military Cons • Did not give Congress the power to enforce laws • Congress couldn’t collect taxes to pay for military • In order to change the Articles, every single state had to agree

10. 21. What was the name of the meeting that was held in Philadelphia in 1787 that was supposed to fix the Articles of Confederation?___________________ Instead of Fixing the Articles of Confederation, representatives created this document that allowed the states to finally reach a compromise and is still used to govern our country today?_______________ Constitutional Convention Constitution

11. 22. Under the Constitution, the government would have 3 branches. What are the three branches of government, who makes them up, and what are the jobs of each branch? • Legislative Branch-The duties of making laws are carried out by Congress. • Executive Branch-The duties of executing laws are carried out by the President. • Judicial Branch-The duties of interpreting laws are carried out by the courts.

12. ______________was a pamphlet written to convince the American colonists to support becoming independent from Great Britain. 24. Under the Constitution, Congress is divided into two chambers: the__________and the ____________________. In the __________, each state gets two votes no matter what size it is. This favors small states. In the ____________________, the more people a state has, the more votes it gets. This favors large states. Common Sense Senate House of Representatives Senate House of Representatives

13. 25. What were some other problems in the Articles of Confederation that the Constitution was able to solve? • The Constitution required states to treat citizens from other states the same as their own citizens • The Articles couldn’t be changed unless all states agreed, but the Constitution can be changed if ¾ of the states agree. • The Constitution says federal laws are superior to state laws.

14. Foundations of Government/9 Weeks Test 26. What are our natural rights? Explain each one. • Life-refers to the fact that people want to live and will fight to survive. • Liberty-means that people want to be as free as possible to make their own decisions. • Property-represents the fact that people want to own things that help them survive, such as land, food, and tools.

15. 27. What are the 4 roles of government? • Makes Laws • Protects the State/Country • Keeps Order • Helps Citizens 28. What is democracy? What are the two types of democracy? Explain each type. • Democracy-a form of government where citizens hold the power. • Representative Democracy-citizens elect leaders to represent their rights and interests in governments. • Direct Democracy-there are no representatives. Citizens are directly involved in the day-to-day work of governing the country.

16. 29. This type of government is ruled by a king or queen. In modern times, it usually shares power with other parts of government. monarchy A form of government where A dictatorship is ________________________ _______________________________________ one leader has absolute control over citizen’s lives. 31. This type of government is when a small group of people has all of the power. _____________ Give an example and explain it. oligarchy A junta is a small group of people, usually military officers who rule a country after taking over by force.

17. __________ is a government that recognizes God or a divine being as the ultimate authority. This type of government can be a democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, or just about any other kind of government. Theocracy 33. This type of government is where nobody is in charge or everyone is. anarchy 34. This person believed people were born with a mind like a blank slate, and also believed if the government didn’t deliver its promise to protect the people then they could revolt. John Locke

18. 35. Who believed a social contract was not a two-way street. If people agreed to give up some rights and power in exchange for protection, they COULD NOT say anything if they government failed to do what it was supposed to do. Thomas Hobbes