Tutorial 4 Analyzing and Charting Financial Data

1. Tutorial 4Analyzing and Charting Financial Data

2. Objectives Use the PMT function to calculate a loan payment Create an embedded pie chart Apply styles to a chart Add data labels to a pie chart Format a chart legend Create a clustered column chart Create a stacked column chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

3. Objectives • Create a line chart • Create a combination chart • Format chart elements • Modify the chart’s data source • Add sparklines to a worksheet • Format cells with data bars • Insert a watermark New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

4. Visual Overview: Chart Elements New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

5. Visual Overview: Chart Elements New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

6. Introduction to Financial Functions • Excel provides a wide range of financial functions related to loans and investments: • The PMT functioncan be used to calculate the installment payment and payment schedule required to completely repay a loan • Future value • Present value • Calculating the interest part of a payment • Calculating the principle part of a payment • Loan interest rate New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

7. Introduction to Financial Functions New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010

8. Introduction to Financial Functions • Cost of a loan to the borrower is largely based on three factors: • Principal: amount of money being loaned • Interest: amount added to the principal by the lender • Time required to repay the loan New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010

9. Introduction to Financial Functions New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010

10. Introduction to Financial Functions • Using the PMT Function • To calculate the costs associated with a loan, you must have the following information: • The annual interest rate • The number of payment periods per year • The length of the loan in terms of the total number of payment periods • The amount being borrowed • When loan payments are due New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010

11. Introduction to Financial Functions • The syntax of the PMT function is: New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010

12. Introduction to Financial Functions New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010

13. Creating a Chart • Charts show trends or relationships in data that are easier to see in a graphic representation rather than viewing the actual numbers or data • Creating a chart is a several-step process: • Selecting the data to display in the chart • Choosing the chart type • Moving the chart to a specific location • Sizing the chart • Formatting the chart’s appearance New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

14. Creating a Chart • Selecting a Chart’s Data Source • A data source includes one or more data series and a series of category values • A data series contains the actual values that are plotted on the chart • Category values provide descriptive labels for each data series or data value; usually located in the first column or first row of the data source New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

15. Creating a Chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

16. Creating a Chart • Exploring Chart Types and Subtypes • Excel provides 53 types of charts organized into the 10 categories • Each category includes variations of the same chart type, which are called chart subtypes • You can design your own custom chart types to meet the specific needs of your reports and projects New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

17. Creating a Chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

18. Creating a Chart • Exploring Chart Types and Subtypes • A pie chart is a chart in the shape of a circle divided into slices like a pie • Each slice represents a single value from a data series • Larger data values are represented with bigger pie slices • The relative sizes of the slices let you visually compare the data values and see how much each contributes to the whole • Pie charts are most effective with six or fewer slices, and when each slice is large enough to view easily New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

19. Creating a Chart • Inserting a Pie Chart with the Quick Analysis Tool • After you select an adjacent range to use as a chart’s data source, the Quick Analysis tool appears • The Quick Analysis tool includes a category for creating charts • The CHART category lists recommended chart types—the charts that are most appropriate for the data source you selected New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

20. Creating a Chart • Inserting a Pie Chart with the Quick Analysis Tool • Make sure the correct range is selected • Click the Quick Analysis button in the lower-right corner of the selected range • Click the CHARTS category • Click Pie to select the pie chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

21. Creating a Chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

22. Creating a Chart • Moving and Resizing Charts • Excel charts are either placed in their own chart sheets or embedded in a worksheet • When you create a chart, it is embedded in the worksheet that contains the data source • Selecting the chart displays: • A selection box (used to move or resize the chart) • Sizing handles (used to change the chart’s width and height) New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

23. Creating a Chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

24. Working with Chart Elements • Every chart contains elements that can be formatted, added to the chart, or removed from the chart • The Chart Elements button is used to add, remove, and format individual elements • When you add or remove a chart element, the other elements resize to fit in the space • Live Preview shows how changing an element will affect the chart’s appearance New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

25. Working with Chart Elements New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

26. Working with Chart Elements • Choosing a Chart Style • When you create a chart, the chart is formatted with a style (a collection of formats) • In the pie chart created, the format of the chart title, the location of the legend, and the colors of the pie slices are all part of the default style • You can quickly change the appearance of a chart by selecting a different style from the Chart Styles gallery • Live Preview shows how a chart style will affect the chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

27. Working with Chart Elements New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

28. Working with Chart Elements • Formatting the Pie Chart Legend • You can fine-tune a chart style by formatting individual chart elements • From the Chart Elements button, you can open a submenu for each element that includes formatting options, such as the element’s location within the chart • You can also open a Format pane, which has more options for formatting the selected chart element • The Chart Elements button also provides access to the Format pane with more design options New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

29. Working with Chart Elements New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

30. Working with Chart Elements • Formatting Pie Chart Data Labels • Modify the content and appearance of data labels • Move the labels to the center of the pie slices or place them outside of the slices • Set the labels as data callouts • Change the text and number styles used • Drag and drop individual data labels, placing them anywhere within the chart • When a data label is placed far from its pie slice, a leader line is added to connect the data label to its pie slice New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

31. Working with Chart Elements New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

32. Working with Chart Elements • Setting the Pie Slice Colors • A pie slice is an example of a data marker that represents a single data value from a data series • You can format the appearance of individual data markers to make them stand out from the others • Pie slice colors should be as distinct as possible to avoid confusion • Depending on the printer quality or the monitor resolution, it might be difficult to distinguish between similarly colored slices or data New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

33. Working with Chart Elements • Formatting the Chart Area • The chart’s background (called the chart area) can be formatted using: • Fill colors • Border styles • Special effects such as drop shadows and blurred edges • The chart area fill color used in the pie chart is white, which blends in with the worksheet background New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

34. Performing What-If Analyses with Charts • A chart is linked to its data source • Changes made to the data source affect the chart; a visual representation of changes • Makes charts a powerful tool for data exploration and what-if analysis • Excel uses chart animation to slow down the effect of changing data source values, making it easier to see how changing one value affects the chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

35. Performing What-If Analyses with Charts • Another type of what-if analysis is to limit the data to a subset of the original values in a process called filtering • Rather than creating a new chart, you can filter an existing chart to only show specific data New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

36. Performing What-If Analyses with Charts New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

37. Creating a Column Chart • Column chart • Displays values in different categories as columns • Height of each column is based on its value • Bar chart • Column chart turned on its side • Length of each bar is based on its value • Better to use column and bar charts than pie charts when the number of categories is large or the data values are close in value New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

38. Creating a Column Chart • Better to use column and bar charts than pie charts when the: • Number of categories is large • Data values are close in value • Easier to compare height or length than area • Column charts can include several data series New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

39. Creating a Column Chart • Comparing Column Chart Subtypes • Column and bar charts can display multiple data series • You can plot three data series against one category New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

40. Creating A Column Chart • Comparing Column Chart Subtypes • The clustered column chart displays the data series in separate columns side-by-side so that you can compare the relative heights of the columns The stacked column chart places the data series values within combined columns showing how much is contributed by each series • The 100% stacked column chart makes the same comparison as the stacked column chart except that the stacked sections are expressed as percentages New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

41. Creating a Column Chart • Creating a Clustered Column Chart • Select data source • Select type of chart to create • Move and resize the chart • Change chart’s design, layout, and format by: • Selecting one of the chart styles, or • Formatting individual chart elements New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

42. Creating a Column Chart • Moving a Chart to a Different Worksheet • Can move a chart from one worksheet to another or place the chart in its own chart sheet • In a chart sheet, the chart is enlarged to fill the entire workspace • The Move Chart dialog box provides options for moving charts between worksheets and chart sheets • You can cut and paste a chart between workbooks New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

43. Creating a Column Chart • Changing and Formatting a Chart Title • When a chart has a single data series, the name of the data series is used for the chart title • When a chart has more than one data series, the “Chart Title” placeholder appears as the temporary title of the chart • You can replace the placeholder text with a more descriptive title New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

44. Creating a Column Chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

45. Creating a Column Chart • Creating a Stacked Column Chart New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

46. Visual Overview: Charts, Sparklines, and Data Bars New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

47. Visual Overview: Charts, Sparklines, and Data Bars New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

48. Creating a Line Chart • Line charts are typically used when the data consists of values drawn from categories that follow a sequential order at evenly spaced intervals • Like column charts, a line chart can be used with one or more data series • When multiple data series are included, the data values are plotted on different lines with varying line colors New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

49. Creating a Line Chart • Displays data values using a connected line rather than columns or bars New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013

50. Working with Axes and Gridlines • A chart’s vertical and horizontal axes are based on the values in the data series and the category values • In many cases, the axes display the data in the most visually effective and informative way • Sometimes you will want to modify the axes’ scale, add gridlines, and make other changes to better highlight the chart data New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2013