Table of Contents

1. Matter and Change Chapter 1 Table of Contents Section 1Chemistry Is a Physical Science Section 2Matter and Its Properties Section 3Elements

2. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Introduction to the Periodic Table

3. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Regions of the Periodic Table

4. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Introduction to the Periodic Table • The vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups, or families. • Each group contains elements with similar chemical properties. • The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are calledperiods. • Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period.

5. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metals • Ametal is an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor. • Properties of metals • most are solidsat room temperature • malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets • ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire • conduct electricity and heat well

6. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals

7. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Nonmetals • Anonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. • Properties of nonmetals • many aregases • solids arebrittle • poor conductorsof heat and electricity

8. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Various nonmetal elements • (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine

9. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metalloids • Ametalloidis an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals. • Properties of metalloids • all metalloids are solids at room temperature • semiconductorsof electricity

10. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Noble Gases • elements in Group 18 of the periodic table • generally unreactive • gases at room temperature

11. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Multiple Choice • Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. The reactants in this reaction are A.magnesium and magnesium chloride. B.hydrochloric acid and hydrogen gas. C. magnesium and hydrochloric acid. D.magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

12. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Multiple Choice • Matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume is A. a liquid. B.an element. C. a solid. D. a gas.

13. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 4. Matter can be defined as anything that A.has weight. B. has mass and volume. C.is uniform throughout. D.exhibits both chemical and physical properties.

14. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 5. Which of the following is best classified as a homogeneous mixture? A. pizza B. blood C.hot tea D. copper wire

15. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Multiple Choice • A compound differs from a mixture in that a compound A. contains only one element. B. varies in chemical composition depending on the sample size. C.has a definite composition by mass of the elements that the compound contains. D. can be classified as either heterogeneous or homogeneous.

16. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 7. Which of the following is not a physical state of matter? A. solid B. gas C.element D. liquid

17. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 8. Three of the following must contain two or more kinds of atoms. Which one does not contain two or more kinds of atoms? A. element B. compound C. homogeneous mixture D. heterogeneous mixture

18. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 9. Which of the following symbols does not match the element name given? A. Al, aluminum B. Co, copper C. K, potassium D. P, phosphorus

19. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Short Answer 11. In trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, we observe the following properties. Tell whether each one is a chemical property or a physical property. A. Its mass is 124.3 g. physical property B. It is a shiny solid at room temperature. physical property C. It is easily etched by nitric acid. chemical property D. It melts when heated to 670°C. physical property E. It is 31.7 centimeters long. physical property F. It is a good heat conductor. physical property G. It burns in air. chemical property H. It is a good conductor of electrical energy. physical property

20. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Extended Response 12. Describe the difference between a chemical change and a physical change. Give one example of each kind of change. Answer:In a chemical change, one or more substances are converted into different substances. A physical change does not involve a change in the identity of the substance or substances present. Examples of each kind of change will vary.

21. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1 Extended Response 13. Describe general properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Answer: metals: shiny; good conductors of heat; good conductors of electricity; malleable or ductile; most are solids at room temperature nonmetals: poor conductors of heat; poor conductors of electricity; many are gases at room temperature; those that are solids are brittle rather than malleable or ductile metalloids: properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals; less malleable than metals but not as brittle as solid nonmetals; most are semiconductors of electricity